Shloka 46

मृदु-तीक्ष्ण-नीति तथा दुष्टलक्षण-विज्ञानम्

Measured Policy and the Recognition of Malicious Disposition

Devanagari script

ब॒हस्पतिरुवाच परोक्षमगुणानाह सदगुणानभ्यसूयते । परैर्वा कीर्त्यमानेषु तृष्णीमास्ते पराड्मुख:,बृहस्पतिजीने कहा--देवराज! जो परोक्षमें किसी व्यक्तिके दोष-ही-दोष बताता है, उसके सदगुणोंमें भी दोषारोपण करता रहता है और यदि दूसरे लोग उसके गुणोंका वर्णन करते हैं तो जो मुँह फेरकर चुप बैठ जाता है, वही दुष्ट माना जाता है

Transliteration

bṛhaspatir uvāca parokṣam aguṇān āha sadguṇān abhyasūyate | parair vā kīrtyamāneṣu tṛṣṇīm āste parāṅmukhaḥ ||

Translation

Bṛhaspati berkata: “Wahai Raja para dewa, seseorang dianggap jahat apabila dia, di belakang orang lain, hanya menyebut keburukan; apabila dia masih mencari-cari salah pada kebajikan yang tulen; dan apabila orang lain memuji kebajikan itu, dia berpaling lalu duduk membisu. Demikianlah terserlah iri hati dan permusuhan terhadap kebaikan.”

Word by Word

• {'bṛhaspatiḥ': 'Bṛhaspati (preceptor of the gods)', 'uvāca': 'said', 'parokṣam': 'in one’s absence

• behind one’s back', 'aguṇān': 'faults

• bad qualities', 'āha': 'speaks

• says', 'sadguṇān': 'good qualities

• virtues', 'abhyasūyate': 'carps at

• imputes faults', 'paraiḥ': 'by others', 'vā': 'or

• and', 'kīrtyamāneṣu': 'when being praised/celebrated (locative absolute sense)', 'tṛṣṇīm': 'silently', 'āste': 'sits

• remains', 'parāṅmukhaḥ': 'turning away

• indifferent/hostile', 'duṣṭaḥ (implied)': 'wicked

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bṛhaspati

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

A person’s moral corruption is shown by three signs: speaking of others’ faults in their absence, fault-finding even with genuine virtues, and refusing to acknowledge goodness when others praise it—silence and turning away here indicate envy and hostility to virtue.

What is happening in the narrative?

Within Bhīṣma’s discourse in Śānti Parva, a saying attributed to Bṛhaspati is cited as an ethical maxim, defining the behavior by which a ‘duṣṭa’ (wicked person) can be recognized—especially through how they speak about others’ qualities.