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Shloka 21

अध्याय २२ — अमर्याद-युद्धवर्णन

Unrestrained Battle Description and Śakuni’s Rear Assault

इस प्रकार श्रीमहाभारत शल्यपर्वमें सात्यकि और कृतवर्गाका युद्धविषयक इकक्‍्कीसवाँ अध्याय पूरा हुआ,नानाबाणैर्महाराज प्रमुक्तै: सर्वतोदिशम्‌ । नाज्ञायन्त रणे वीरा न दिश: प्रदिश: कुतः महाराज! रणक्षेत्रमें कुपित हुए द्रोणपुत्र अश्वत्थामाने सम्पूर्ण दिशाओंमें छोड़े गये अनेक प्रकारके बाणोंद्वारा भीमसेनको आगे बढ़नेसे रोक दिया। उस समय संग्राममें न तो वीरोंकी पहचान होती थी और न दिशाओंकी, फिर अवान्तर-दिशाओं (कोणों)-की तो बात ही क्या है?

nānābāṇair mahārāja pramuktaiḥ sarvatodiśam | nājñāyanta raṇe vīrā na diśaḥ pradiśaḥ kutaḥ ||

Sañjaya berkata: Wahai Raja, tatkala anak panah yang tidak terbilang banyaknya, pelbagai jenis, dilepaskan ke segala arah, medan perang menjadi begitu kacau sehingga para pahlawan pun tidak dapat dikenal pasti, dan arah mata angin pun tidak dapat dibezakan—apatah lagi arah pertengahan. Dalam kekalutan itu, Aśvatthāmā, putera Droṇa yang sedang menggelegak amarahnya, dengan hujan panah yang meliputi segenap penjuru, telah menahan kemaraan Bhīmasena.

नानाvarious, many kinds of
नाना:
TypeAdjective
Rootनाना
Formindeclinable (used adjectivally)
बाणैःby arrows
बाणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबाण
Formmasculine, instrumental, plural
महाराजO great king
महाराज:
TypeNoun
Rootमहाराज
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
प्रमुक्तैःreleased, discharged
प्रमुक्तैः:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रमुक्त
Formmasculine, instrumental, plural (past passive participle from √मुच with प्र-)
सर्वतःfrom all sides
सर्वतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वतः
Formindeclinable
दिशम्direction (as object of ‘towards/into’ implied)
दिशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदिश्
Formfeminine, accusative, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formindeclinable
अज्ञायन्तwere not recognized/known
अज्ञायन्त:
TypeVerb
Root√ज्ञा
Formimperfect (laṅ), 3rd person, plural, Ātmanepada; passive sense: 'were known/recognized'
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
Formneuter, locative, singular
वीराःheroes/warriors
वीराः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवीर
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
nor/not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
Formindeclinable
दिशःdirections
दिशः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदिश्
Formfeminine, nominative, plural
प्रदिशःintermediate directions (quarters between the main ones)
प्रदिशः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रदिश्
Formfeminine, nominative, plural
कुतःhow much less (then); whence
कुतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकुतः
Formindeclinable (interrogative/idiomatic: 'whence?/how much less?')

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
D
Dhritarashtra
A
Ashvatthama (Dronaputra)
D
Drona
B
Bhimasena
A
arrows
B
battlefield (rana/ranakshetra)
D
directions/quarters (disha, pradisha)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how the violence and fury of war create overwhelming confusion—so intense that identity and orientation are lost. Ethically, it suggests that when anger and indiscriminate force dominate, clarity (viveka) and restraint recede, making right action difficult to sustain.

Sanjaya describes a moment of extreme battlefield turmoil caused by volleys of arrows shot in all directions. In that confusion, the enraged Ashvatthama (son of Drona) blocks Bhima’s forward movement through a dense barrage.