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Shloka 193

अध्याय २२ — अमर्याद-युद्धवर्णन

Unrestrained Battle Description and Śakuni’s Rear Assault

प्रत्युद्ययुर्महेष्वासा: पाण्डवानाततायिन: । वे महाधनुर्धर कौरवयोद्धा रणभूमिमें अपराजित राजा दुर्योधनके पास पहुँचकर आततायी पाण्डवोंपर जा चढ़े

sañjaya uvāca | pratyudyayur maheṣvāsāḥ pāṇḍavān ātatāyinaḥ | te mahādhanurdharāḥ kauravayoddhā raṇabhūmau aparājitaṃ rājānaṃ duryodhanaṃ samīpya ātatāyiṣu pāṇḍaveṣu abhyapatanta |

Sañjaya berkata: Para pemanah agung dalam kalangan pahlawan Kaurava mara untuk menyambut Pandava, sambil melabel mereka sebagai “ātatāyin” (penyerang jenayah). Setelah tiba di sekitar Raja Duryodhana—yang belum pernah ditundukkan di medan perang—mereka meluru ke hadapan dan menyerbu Pandava dengan serangan yang ganas. Rangkap ini membingkai pertembungan bukan sekadar gerakan ketenteraan, tetapi juga tuntutan moral: menamakan musuh sebagai “ātatāyin” untuk membenarkan serangan.

प्रत्युद्ययुःthey advanced/charged forth (against)
प्रत्युद्ययुः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्रति-उद्-या (धातु: या)
Formलिट् (परस्मैपद), परिपूर्ण-भूत (perfect), प्रथम, बहुवचन
महेष्वासाःgreat bowmen
महेष्वासाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमहेष्वास (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
पाण्डवान्the Pāṇḍavas
पाण्डवान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन
आततायिनःaggressors/assailants
आततायिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआततायिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
P
Pandavas
K
Kaurava warriors
K
King Duryodhana
B
battlefield (raṇabhūmi)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how moral labeling functions in war: calling the opponent ‘ātatāyin’ (aggressor/criminal) serves as an ethical rationale for violent action. It reflects the Mahabharata’s recurring tension between dharma-claims and battlefield realities.

Sanjaya reports that Kaurava great archers move out to confront the Pandavas, approach the undefeated King Duryodhana on the battlefield, and then launch an attack against the Pandava forces.