Shloka 30

शल्यपरिघातः (Śalya Under Encirclement) — Mahābhārata, Śalya-parva, Adhyāya 12

Devanagari script

तेषामापततां तूर्ण पुत्रस्ते भरतर्षभ

Transliteration

teṣām āpatatāṃ tūrṇaṃ putras te bharatarṣabha

Translation

Sañjaya berkata: “Tatkala para pahlawan itu menerpa dengan pantas, wahai banteng keturunan Bharata, puteramu (Duryodhana)…”

Word by Word

• तेषाम्: of them
• तेषाम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural

• आपतताम्: of (those) rushing/attacking
• आपतताम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ + पत्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural, Present active participle (शतृ), gen. pl.

• तूर्णम्: swiftly
• तूर्णम्: Karana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तूर्ण

• पुत्रः: son
• पुत्रः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• ते: your
• ते: Sampradana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• भरतर्षभ: O bull among the Bharatas
• भरतर्षभ: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun (vocative epithet)
• Root: भरत + ऋषभ
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Duryodhana

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the speed and inevitability of battlefield momentum: once forces surge forward, a leader’s choices and preparedness are tested immediately, underscoring responsibility amid the consequences of war.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya is reporting to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that as the opposing warriors charged swiftly, attention turns to what Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s son, Duryodhana, did in response; the line is a transitional setup for the next action.