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Shloka 28

Śiśupāla-vākya: Bhīṣma-nindā and the ‘Haṃsa’ Exemplum (शिशुपालवाक्यम् — भीष्मनिन्दा, हंसदृष्टान्तः)

नक्षत्राणां मुखं चन्द्र आदित्यस्तेजसां मुखम्‌ । पर्वतानां मुखं मेरुर्गरुड: पततां मुखम्‌

nakṣatrāṇāṁ mukhaṁ candra ādityas tejasāṁ mukham | parvatānāṁ mukhaṁ merur garuḍaḥ patatāṁ mukham ||

Bhīṣma berkata: “Antara bintang-bintang, Bulan adalah yang utama; antara yang bercahaya, Matahari adalah yang utama. Antara gunung-ganang, Meru adalah yang utama; antara yang terbang, Garuḍa adalah yang utama.” Melalui rangkaian teladan ini, beliau menegaskan satu prinsip moral: dalam setiap golongan makhluk ada puncak yang diakui; demikian juga, merentas semua dunia dan segala sandaran kosmos, Tuhan Yang Maha Tinggi (yang dalam konteks ini dikenal sebagai Śrī Kṛṣṇa) harus dipandang sebagai perlindungan tertinggi dan keunggulan yang paling agung.

नक्षत्राणाम्of the stars/constellations
नक्षत्राणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनक्षत्र
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
मुखम्chief; foremost; face
मुखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमुख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
चन्द्रःthe Moon
चन्द्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचन्द्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आदित्यःthe Sun
आदित्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआदित्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तेजसाम्of luminous things/energies
तेजसाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootतेजस्
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
मुखम्chief; foremost
मुखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमुख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पर्वतानाम्of mountains
पर्वतानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपर्वत
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
मुखम्chief; foremost
मुखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमुख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मेरुःMount Meru
मेरुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमेरु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गरुडःGaruḍa
गरुडः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगरुड
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पतताम्of the flying ones (birds)
पतताम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपतत्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
मुखम्chief; foremost
मुखम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमुख
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
C
Candra (Moon)
Ā
Āditya (Sun)
M
Meru
G
Garuḍa
N
Nakṣatra (stars/lunar mansions)
P
Parvata (mountains)
P
Patat (flying beings/birds)
T
Tejas (radiance)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches by analogy: just as each domain has an acknowledged ‘foremost’ (Moon among stars, Sun among luminous powers, Meru among mountains, Garuḍa among birds), so too the Supreme Lord is the ultimate pre-eminent refuge and standard of excellence across all realms.

In the Sabha Parva context, Bhīṣma is speaking in a didactic, laudatory mode, using well-known cosmic hierarchies to support a broader claim made in the surrounding passage: that Śrī Kṛṣṇa is supreme among all supports of the worlds.