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Shloka 40

कर्णेन सैन्यस्थापनं तथा नानायुद्धसमवायः

Karna Reforms the Host and Multiple Duels Converge

शल्य उवाच आतुराणां परित्याग: स्वदारसुतविक्रय: । अड़े प्रवर्तते कर्ण येषामधिपतिर्भवान्‌,शल्य बोले--कर्ण! तुम जहाँके राजा बनाये गये हो, उस अंगदेशमें क्या होता है? अपने सगे-सम्बन्धी जब रोगसे पीड़ित हो जाते हैं तो उनका परित्याग कर दिया जाता है। अपनी ही स्त्री और बच्चोंको वहाँके लोग सरे बाजार बेचते हैं

śalya uvāca | āturāṇāṁ parityāgaḥ svadāra-suta-vikrayaḥ | aṅge pravartate karṇa yeṣām adhipatir bhavān |

Śalya berkata: “Wahai Karna, di negeri Aṅga—yang engkau telah dijadikan pemerintahnya—dikatakan amalan seperti ini berleluasa: apabila kaum kerabat sendiri jatuh sakit, mereka ditinggalkan; malah ada yang menjual isteri dan anak-anak mereka di pasar.”

शल्यःShalya
शल्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशल्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
आतुराणाम्of the afflicted/sick
आतुराणाम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootआतुर
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
परित्यागःabandonment
परित्यागः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपरित्याग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वदारसुतविक्रयःsale of one’s own wife and sons
स्वदारसुतविक्रयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootस्वदारसुतविक्रय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अङ्गेin Anga (country)
अङ्गे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअङ्ग
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
प्रवर्ततेoccurs / is practiced
प्रवर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
कर्णO Karna
कर्ण:
TypeNoun
Rootकर्ण
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
येषाम्of whom
येषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
अधिपतिःlord / ruler
अधिपतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअधिपति
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भवान्you (honorific)
भवान्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootभवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

शल्य उवाच

Ś
Śalya
K
Karna
A
Aṅga (kingdom)

Educational Q&A

The verse condemns adharma in social and familial duties: abandoning sick relatives and commodifying one’s own family are presented as morally corrupt practices, used here to shame a ruler by implying failure of righteous governance and community values.

On the battlefield, Śalya—serving as Karna’s charioteer—provokes and demoralizes Karna by deriding the land of Aṅga, where Karna was made king, accusing its people of heartless and disgraceful customs.