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Shloka 31

द्रोणपर्व — अध्याय १८: संशप्तकगणयुद्धे अर्जुनस्यास्त्रप्रयोगः

Drona Parva, Chapter 18: Arjuna’s astra-deployment against the Saṃśaptakas

ततस्ते संन्यवर्तन्त संशप्तकगणा: पुन: । नारायणाश्च गोपाला मृत्युं कृत्वा निवर्तनम्‌,तब वे समस्त संशप्तकगण और नारायणी सेनाके ग्वाले मृत्युको ही युद्धसे निवृत्तिका अवसर मानकर पुन: लौट आये

tataste saṁnyavartanta saṁśaptakagaṇāḥ punaḥ | nārāyaṇāś ca gopālā mṛtyuṁ kṛtvā nivartanam ||

Sanjaya berkata: Maka kumpulan Saṁśaptaka itu berpaling dan kembali sekali lagi. Para penggembala lembu dalam bala Nārāyaṇī juga kembali—menganggap bahawa hanya mautlah alasan yang dibenarkan untuk berundur dari pertempuran.

ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
संन्यवर्तन्तreturned, turned back
संन्यवर्तन्त:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + नि + वृत्
Formimperfect (laṅ), 3rd, plural, ātmanepada
संशप्तकगणाःthe bands of Saṁśaptakas
संशप्तकगणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंशप्तक-गण
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
नारायणाःthe Nārāyaṇas (Nārāyaṇī troops)
नारायणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनारायण
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
गोपालाःcowherds
गोपालाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगोपाल
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
मृत्युम्death
मृत्युम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
Formmasculine, accusative, singular
कृत्वाhaving made; having taken as
कृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund)
निवर्तनम्turning back; withdrawal
निवर्तनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनिवर्तन
Formneuter, accusative, singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
S
Saṁśaptaka-gaṇāḥ (Saṁśaptakas)
N
Nārāyaṇāḥ (Nārāyaṇī sena)
G
Gopālāḥ (cowherds of the Nārāyaṇī host)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a severe martial ethic: those bound by vow and warrior-honour accept no withdrawal from combat except through death, presenting duty as something upheld even at the cost of life.

Sanjaya reports that the Saṁśaptaka bands and the Nārāyaṇī cowherd-warriors, after a prior movement away, turn back once more into battle, regarding death as the only legitimate ‘permission’ to stop fighting.