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Shloka 33

Somadatta’s Kṣātra-Dharma Accusation; Night Combat, Māyā, and the Fall of Ghaṭotkaca

Droṇa-parva, Adhyāya 131

हताश्वात्‌ तु रथात्‌ कर्ण: समाप्लुत्य विशाम्पते । स्यन्दनं वृषसेनस्य तूर्णमापुप्लुवे भयात्‌,प्रजानाथ! उस समय कर्ण भयके मारे उस अश्वहीन रथसे कूदकर तुरंत ही वृषसेनके रथपर जा बैठा

hatāśvāt tu rathāt karṇaḥ samāplutya viśāmpate | syandanaṃ vṛṣasenasyā tūṇam āpupluve bhayāt, prajānātha |

Sañjaya berkata: Wahai tuan rakyat sekalian, apabila rata Karṇa telah kehilangan kuda-kudanya, Karṇa melompat turun daripadanya dan, didorong oleh rasa takut serta keperluan yang mendesak, segera melompat naik ke atas rata Vṛṣasena. Saat itu menegaskan bahawa di tengah kekacauan medan perang, bahkan pahlawan termasyhur pun kadang-kadang terpaksa membuat pilihan yang tiba-tiba dan pragmatik demi kelangsungan hidup serta meneruskan dharma dan tugasnya.

हताश्वात्from the horseless (chariot)
हताश्वात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootहताश्व
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
रथात्from the chariot
रथात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
कर्णःKarna
कर्णः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकर्ण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
समाप्लुत्यhaving leapt/jumped
समाप्लुत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + आप्लु
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage)
विशाम्पतेO lord of the people
विशाम्पते:
TypeNoun
Rootविशाम्पति
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
स्यन्दनम्chariot
स्यन्दनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्यन्दन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वृषसेनस्यof Vrishasena
वृषसेनस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootवृषसेन
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
तूर्णम्quickly
तूर्णम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतूर्ण
आपुप्लुवेleapt onto/entered by leaping
आपुप्लुवे:
TypeVerb
Rootआ + प्लु
Formलिट् (Perfect), Ātmanepada, Third, Singular
भयात्out of fear/from fear
भयात्:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
प्रजानाथO lord of creatures/subjects
प्रजानाथ:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजानाथ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
Karṇa
V
Vṛṣasena
C
chariot (ratha/syandana)
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by vocatives viśāmpate, prajānātha)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the tension between heroic ideals and battlefield reality: when circumstances collapse (a horseless chariot), a warrior may take swift, practical action to preserve life and continue fighting. It also subtly shows that fear can arise even in the great, yet duty and strategy still demand immediate decision.

Karṇa’s chariot has become horseless (its horses are killed). He jumps down and quickly mounts the chariot of his son/ally Vṛṣasena. Sañjaya reports this to Dhṛtarāṣṭra, emphasizing the urgency and fear driving the move.