Shloka 19

Droṇa’s Rebuke to Duryodhana after Jayadratha’s Fall (द्रोणेन दुर्योधनं प्रति प्रत्युक्तिः)

Devanagari script

भीमसेनेन ते राजन्‌ पाञ्ताल्येन च नोदिता:

Transliteration

bhīmasenena te rājan pāñcālyena ca noditāḥ

Translation

Sañjaya berkata: “Wahai Raja, mereka didorong—dipacu untuk bertindak—oleh Bhīmasena dan putera Pāñcāla (Dhṛṣṭadyumna).”

Word by Word

• भीमसेनेन: by Bhimasena
• भीमसेनेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीमसेन
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• ते: to you
• ते: Sampradana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद्
• Form: Masculine, Dative, Singular

• राजन्: O king
• राजन्: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन्
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• पाञ्चाल्येन: by the Panchalya (Drupada/one of the Panchalas)
• पाञ्चाल्येन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाञ्चाल्य
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• नोदिताः: urged/impelled
• नोदिताः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: नुद्
• Form: क्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra
• Bhīmasena
• Pāñcālya (Dhṛṣṭadyumna / the Pāñcāla prince)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how leadership and exhortation shape collective action in war: commanders can intensify courage and aggression, which raises ethical responsibility for the consequences of what is set in motion.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that the fighters (as indicated by context) were being driven forward by Bhīma and the Pāñcāla leader, suggesting a renewed push or escalation in the ongoing battle of the Droṇa Parva.