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Shloka 21

Kṛṣṇa-vīrya-kathana

Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s appraisal of Vāsudeva’s deeds

इषुसम्बाधमाकाशं कुर्वन्‌ कपिवरध्वज: । यदा55यात्‌ कथमासीत्‌ तु तदा पार्थ समीक्षताम्‌,वानरके चिह्नसे युक्त श्रेष्ठ ध्वजावाले अर्जुन जब आकाशको अपने बाणोंसे ठसाठस भरते हुए तुमलोगोंपर चढ़ आये थे, उस समय उन्हें देखकर तुम्हारे मनकी कैसी दशा हुई थी?

iṣu-sambādham ākāśaṁ kurvan kapivara-dhvajaḥ | yadā yāt katham āsīt tu tadā pārtha samīkṣatām ||

Vaiśampāyana berkata: “Wahai Pārtha (Arjuna), ketika pahlawan yang membawa panji bertanda kera termulia (Hanumān) mara, hingga langit menjadi padat oleh anak panah, apakah keadaan fikiranmu ketika itu, tatkala engkau memandangnya?”

इषु-सम्बाधम्densely filled with arrows
इषु-सम्बाधम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootइषु + सम्बाध (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आकाशम्the sky
आकाशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootआकाश (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कुर्वन्making, doing
कुर्वन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु)
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
कपि-वर-ध्वजःhe whose banner bears the best of monkeys (Hanumat)
कपि-वर-ध्वजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकपि + वर + ध्वज (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यदाwhen
यदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा (अव्यय)
आयात्came, advanced
आयात्:
TypeVerb
Rootया (धातु) उपसर्ग: आ
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
कथम्how
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम् (अव्यय)
आसीत्was
आसीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु)
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
तदाthen
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा (अव्यय)
पार्थO Partha (Arjuna)
पार्थ:
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
समीक्षताम्let it be considered/observed (by them)
समीक्षताम्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-ईक्ष् (धातु)
FormImperative (लोट्), 3rd, Plural, Atmanepada

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
P
Pārtha (Arjuna)
H
Hanumān (as kapivara on the banner)
A
Arrows (iṣu)
B
Banner/standard (dhvaja)
S
Sky (ākāśa)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical and psychological dimension of kṣatriya-dharma: even amid overwhelming violence (the sky ‘choked’ with arrows), a warrior is examined not only by deeds but by inner steadiness—fear, resolve, and discernment when confronted with terrifying force.

Vaiśampāyana, narrating the events of the war, addresses Arjuna (Pārtha) and asks about his mental state at the moment an opponent advanced while filling the sky with arrows. The description emphasizes the intensity of the assault and frames Arjuna’s response as something worth reflecting upon.