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Shloka 42

भीष्मपर्व — अध्याय 54: फल्गुन-प्रतिरोधः, सौबली-व्यूह-विध्वंसः, दुर्योधन-भीष्म-संवादः

यथोक्तः स नृदेवेन विष्णुर्वज्ञभूता यथा । (बा्हस्पत्येन विधिना व्यूहमार्गविचक्षण: ।) प्रभाते सर्वसैन्यानामग्रे चक्रे धनंजयम्‌,जैसे वज्रधारी इन्द्र भगवान्‌ विष्णुसे कुछ कहते हों, उसी प्रकार नरदेव युधिष्ठिरके पूर्वोक्त बात कहनेपर व्यूह-रचनामें कुशल धृष्टद्युम्नने बृहस्पतिकी बतायी हुई विधिसे प्रातःकाल (सूर्योदयसे पूर्व) ही समस्त सेनाओंका व्यूह-निर्माण किया; उन्होंने सबसे आगे अर्जुनको खड़ा किया

sañjaya uvāca | yathoktaḥ sa nṛdevena viṣṇur vajrabhūtā yathā | (bārhaspatyena vidhinā vyūhamārgavicakṣaṇaḥ |) prabhāte sarvasainyānām agre cakre dhanañjayam |

Sañjaya berkata: Sebagaimana Indra, pemegang vajra, mungkin menujukan kata-kata kepada Dewa Viṣṇu, demikian pula—setelah raja di antara manusia, Yudhiṣṭhira, berkata seperti yang telah diceritakan—Dhṛṣṭadyumna, yang mahir akan jalan-jalan formasi perang, menyusun formasi seluruh bala tentera pada waktu fajar menurut kaedah yang diajarkan Bṛhaspati, dan menempatkan Dhanañjaya (Arjuna) di barisan paling hadapan.

यथाas, just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
उक्तःsaid, spoken
उक्तः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवच्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, kta (past passive participle)
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नृदेवेनby the king (lit. god among men)
नृदेवेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनृदेव
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
विष्णुःVishnu
विष्णुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविष्णु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वज्रभूताhaving become (like) a thunderbolt / thunderbolt-like
वज्रभूता:
TypeAdjective
Rootवज्रभूत
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular, kta (past passive participle) / adjectival
यथाas
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
बृहस्पत्येनby Brihaspati
बृहस्पत्येन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootबृहस्पति
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
विधिनाby the method, according to the rule
विधिना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootविधि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
व्यूहbattle-array, formation
व्यूह:
TypeNoun
Rootव्यूह
FormMasculine, Stem (compound member)
मार्गway, method
मार्ग:
TypeNoun
Rootमार्ग
FormMasculine, Stem (compound member)
विचक्षणःskilled, discerning
विचक्षणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविचक्षण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रभातेat dawn
प्रभाते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभात
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
सर्वall
सर्व:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormStem (compound member)
सैन्यानाम्of the armies
सैन्यानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootसैन्य
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
अग्रेin front, at the forefront
अग्रे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअग्र
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
चक्रेmade, arranged
चक्रे:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
धनंजयम्Dhananjaya (Arjuna)
धनंजयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधनंजय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
D
Dhṛṣṭadyumna
A
Arjuna (Dhanañjaya)
V
Viṣṇu
I
Indra (Vajrabhṛt/Vajra-dhārin)
B
Bṛhaspati
V
Vyūha (battle formation)

Educational Q&A

Competent leadership in dharmic conflict requires disciplined preparation and adherence to proven counsel: the army is arranged at dawn by a commander skilled in formations, following an authoritative method (attributed to Bṛhaspati), and the foremost warrior is positioned where responsibility is greatest.

After Yudhiṣṭhira’s prior instruction, Dhṛṣṭadyumna organizes the Pandava forces into a battle-array before sunrise, using the formation-method associated with Bṛhaspati, and he stations Arjuna at the head of the combined troops.