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Shloka 46

Chapter 51: Saṃdhyākāla-saṃhāra

Evening Withdrawal after Arjuna’s Counter-Advance

तमापततन्तं सम्प्रेक्ष्य मत्तवारणविक्रमम्‌,मतवाले हाथीके समान पराक्रम प्रकट करनेवाले श्वेतको धावा करते देख आपके सात रथियोंने मौतके दाँतोंमें फँसे हुए मद्रराज शल्यको बचानेकी इच्छा रखकर उन्हें चारों ओरसे घेर लिया

tam āpatatantaṃ samprekṣya mattavāraṇavikramaṃ, matavāle hāthīke samāna parākrama prakaṭ karanevāle śvetako dhāvā karate dekh āpake sāt rathiyōne mautake dāṁtōṁmeṁ phaṁse hue madrarāja śalyako bacānekī icchā rakhkar unheṁ cāroṁ orase gher liyā

Sañjaya berkata: Melihat Śveta mara menyerbu—memperlihatkan kegagahan seperti gajah mengamuk yang menerjang—tujuh pahlawan kereta perang pihak tuanku, dengan hasrat menyelamatkan Śalya, raja Madra yang seakan-akan telah terperangkap di rahang maut, lalu mengepungnya dari segenap penjuru.

तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आपतन्तम्rushing/charging (towards)
आपतन्तम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootआपत् (धातु: पत्/आपत्)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular, शतृ (present active participle)
सम्प्रेक्ष्यhaving seen
सम्प्रेक्ष्य:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + प्र + ईक्ष्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund)
मत्तintoxicated/maddened
मत्त:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootमत्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वारणelephant
वारण:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवारण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विक्रमम्prowess/valor
विक्रमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविक्रम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
मतवालेin/like an intoxicated one
मतवाले:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootमतवालिन्
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
हाथीकेof an elephant
हाथीके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootहस्तिन् (हाथी)
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
समानequal to/like
समान:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसमान
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पराक्रमheroic might
पराक्रम:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपराक्रम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रकटmanifest
प्रकट:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रकट
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
करनेवालेdoing/making (those who do)
करनेवाले:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु: कृ)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, शतृ/तृच् (agentive sense; Hindi calque)
श्वेतकोŚveta (proper name)
श्वेतको:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootश्वेत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धावाcharge/rush
धावा:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधाव (धातु: धाव्)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
करतेdoes/makes
करते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootकृ (धातु: कृ)
FormPresent, Third, Singular
देखseeing
देख:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
Formक्त्वा/ल्यप् (Hindi 'dekh' = having seen)
आपकेyour
आपके:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
सातseven
सात:
Karta
TypeNumeral
Rootसप्तन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
रथियोंनेchariot-warriors
रथियोंने:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मौतकेof death
मौतके:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्यु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
दाँतोंमेंin the teeth/jaws
दाँतोंमें:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदन्त
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
फँसेcaught/trapped
फँसे:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootफस् (Hindi; Sanskrit: सञ्ज्/लग् sense)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past passive participle; Hindi form)
हुएhaving become/being
हुए:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु: भू)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural, क्त (past participle; Hindi auxiliary sense)
मद्रराजking of Madra
मद्रराज:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमद्रराज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
शल्यकोŚalya
शल्यको:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशल्य
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
बचानेकीto save
बचानेकी:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootरक्ष् (धातु: रक्ष्)
Formतुमुन् (infinitive sense; Hindi 'bachāne kī')
इच्छाdesire
इच्छा:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootइच्छा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
रखकरhaving kept/with (that) intention
रखकर:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootधृ (धातु: धृ)
Formक्त्वा/ल्यप् (Hindi 'rakhkar' = having held/kept)
उन्हेंhim (Śalya)
उन्हें:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
चारोंall four (sides)
चारों:
Adhikarana
TypeNumeral
Rootचतुर्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
ओरसेfrom the side(s)
ओरसे:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदिक्/ओर (direction)
FormFeminine, Ablative, Singular
घेरsurround
घेर:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootवृत्/परिवृत् (sense; Hindi 'gher')
Formroot-form used as verbal base (Hindi calque)
लियाtook/they surrounded
लिया:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootलभ्/ग्रह् (sense; Hindi 'liyā')
FormPast (Hindi perfective), Third, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
Ś
Śveta
Ś
Śalya
M
Madra (kingdom)
S
seven chariot-warriors (Kaurava side)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a warrior’s ethical obligation to protect comrades and allies in crisis. Even in a destructive war, loyalty and the duty to safeguard one’s side—especially a vulnerable leader—are treated as integral to kṣatriya conduct.

Śveta charges forward with the force of a maddened elephant. Seeing Śalya, the king of Madra, in mortal danger, the seven chariot-warriors on the Kaurava side encircle him from all directions to shield and rescue him.