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Shloka 21

प्रतिग्रहभेदः — The Distinction between Giving and Accepting

Vṛṣādarbhī–Saptarṣi Dialogue

सो<यं स्वयम्भुविहितो धर्म: संकल्पितस्त्वया । ऋते स्वयम्भुव: कोडन्य: श्राद्धेयं विधिमाहरेत्‌

so ’yaṁ svayambhuvihito dharmaḥ saṅkalpitas tvayā | ṛte svayambhuvaḥ ko ’nyaḥ śrāddheyaṁ vidhim āharet ||

Bhīṣma berkata: “Dharma yang engkau laksanakan ini ialah dharma yang pada asalnya ditetapkan oleh Svayambhu (Brahmā). Siapakah selain Svayambhu sendiri yang dapat menetapkan tatacara yang benar bagi persembahan dalam śrāddha? Maka, amalanmu mengikuti aturan purba yang ditegakkan oleh Brahmā.”

सःhe/that
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अयम्this
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्वयम्भुविहितःordained by Svayambhū (Brahmā)
स्वयम्भुविहितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वयम्भु-विहित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
धर्मःdharma; religious duty/rite
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
संकल्पितःresolved/undertaken
संकल्पितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootसंकल्पित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्वयाby you
त्वया:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormInstrumental, Singular
ऋतेexcept/without
ऋते:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootऋते
स्वयम्भुवःfrom/than Svayambhū (Brahmā)
स्वयम्भुवः:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootस्वयम्भु
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
कःwho?
कः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अन्यःother
अन्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
श्राद्धेयम्to be taught/expounded (re: śrāddha)
श्राद्धेयम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootश्राद्धेय
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
विधिम्rule; procedure
विधिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविधि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आहरेत्could bring/produce; could set forth
आहरेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-हृ
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
S
Svayambhu (Brahma)
D
Dharma
S
Shraddha (ancestral rite)

Educational Q&A

The verse grounds śrāddha and related dharma in primordial authority: the correct ritual procedure is not arbitrary but traced to Svayambhu (Brahmā), implying that faithful observance aligns one with an original, universally sanctioned order.

Bhishma, instructing on dharma in the Anushasana Parva, affirms that the listener’s performance follows the ancient rule established by Brahmā and rhetorically emphasizes that no one else could authoritatively prescribe the śrāddha-vidhi.