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Shloka 40

गोप्रदानगुणाः तथा कपिलागोविधानम्

Merits of Cow-Gift and the Origin-Account of Kapilā Cows

वृत्तिग्लाने सीदति चातिमात्रं कृष्यर्थ वा होम्यहेतो: प्रसूते: । गुर्वर्थ वा बालसंवृद्धये वा धेनुं दद्याद्‌ देशकालेडविशिष्टे

vṛttiglāne sīdati cātimātraṃ kṛṣyarthaṃ vā homyahetoḥ prasūteḥ | gurvarthaṃ vā bālasaṃvṛddhaye vā dhenuṃ dadyād deśakāle ’viśiṣṭe ||

Bhīṣma bersabda: Walaupun tiada keadaan luar biasa tentang tempat atau waktu, seseorang patut menderma seekor lembu yang mengeluarkan susu kepada brāhmaṇa yang rezekinya merosot dan sedang menanggung penderitaan yang berat. Demikian juga, dalam keadaan biasa sekalipun, adalah wajar menghadiahkan lembu susu apabila diperlukan untuk pertanian, untuk bahan-bahan upacara korban, untuk menyuburkan wanita yang baru bersalin, untuk tujuan guru-dakṣiṇā (bayaran kepada guru), atau untuk membesarkan seorang anak.

वृत्तिग्लानेwhen livelihood is failing/declining
वृत्तिग्लाने:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवृत्ति-ग्लान
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
सीदतिsinks; is distressed; languishes
सीदति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootसद्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अतिमात्रम्excessively; very much
अतिमात्रम्:
TypeAdverb
Rootअतिमात्र
कृष्यर्थम्for the purpose of agriculture
कृष्यर्थम्:
TypeNoun
Rootकृषि-अर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
होम्यहेतोःfor the sake of (things) fit for homa; for homa-material
होम्यहेतोः:
TypeNoun
Rootहोम्य-हेतु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
प्रसूतेःof a woman in childbirth; of a parturient (woman)
प्रसूतेः:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रसूति
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
गुर्वर्थम्for the teacher’s purpose; for guru-fee (gurudakṣiṇā)
गुर्वर्थम्:
TypeNoun
Rootगुरु-अर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
बालसंवृद्धयेfor the nourishment/bringing-up of a child
बालसंवृद्धये:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootबाल-संवृद्धि
FormFeminine, Dative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
धेनुम्a milch-cow
धेनुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootधेनु
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
दद्यात्should give
दद्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootदा
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
देशकालेin (proper) place and time
देशकाले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदेश-काल
FormMasculine, Locative, Dual
अविशिष्टेeven when not exceptional; in ordinary (place and time)
अविशिष्टे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअविशिष्ट
FormMasculine, Locative, Dual

पितामह उवाच

B
Bhīṣma (Pitāmaha)
B
brāhmaṇa
D
dhenu (milch cow)
G
guru (teacher)
H
homa (fire-offering)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that gifting a milch cow is a highly meritorious and socially sustaining form of dāna, recommended even in ordinary circumstances when it relieves severe livelihood distress or supports essential duties—farming, Vedic rites, postpartum care, guru-dakṣiṇā, and child-rearing.

In Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma, especially the ethics of giving. Here he specifies practical situations where donating a milk-giving cow is appropriate and beneficial, emphasizing compassion and maintenance of household and ritual life.