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Shloka 18

Dāna-Śreṣṭhatā: Abhaya, Anugraha, and the Ethics of Honoring the Worthy (दानश्रेष्ठता: अभय-अनुग्रह-विप्रपूजा)

उत्थाय चास्मि निष्क्रान्तो यदि मां त्वं महीपते । पृच्छे: क्‍्व यास्यसीत्येवं शपेयं त्वामिति प्रभो

utthāya cāsmi niṣkrānto yadi māṃ tvaṃ mahīpate | pṛccheḥ kva yāsyasīty evaṃ śapeyaṃ tvām iti prabho ||

Chyavana berkata: “Wahai raja, ketika aku telah bangkit dan hampir melangkah keluar, andai engkau bertanya walau sekali, ‘Ke manakah engkau pergi?’, nescaya kerana pertanyaan itu juga aku akan menyumpahmu, wahai tuanku.”

उत्थायhaving risen
उत्थाय:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootउत्-स्था (धातु √स्था)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अस्मिI am
अस्मि:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअस् (धातु √अस्)
Formलट् (present indicative), 1, singular, परस्मैपद
निष्क्रान्तःgone out / having departed
निष्क्रान्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootनिष्क्रान्त (नि: + √क्रम, क्त)
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
माम्me
माम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Formaccusative, singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Formnominative, singular
महीपतेO king (lord of the earth)
महीपते:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootमहीपतिः
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
पृच्छेःyou would ask
पृच्छेः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootप्रच्छ् (धातु √प्रच्छ्)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), 2, singular, परस्मैपद
क्वwhere
क्व:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootक्व
यास्यसिyou will go
यास्यसि:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootया (धातु √या)
Formलृट् (simple future), 2, singular, परस्मैपद
इतिthus / saying
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
एवम्in this manner
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
शपेयंI would curse
शपेयं:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootशप् (धातु √शप्)
Formविधिलिङ् (optative), 1, singular, परस्मैपद
त्वाम्you
त्वाम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Formaccusative, singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
प्रभोO lord
प्रभो:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभुः
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
भूपतेO king
भूपते:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootभूपतिः
Formmasculine, vocative, singular
प्रभोO lord
प्रभो:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रभुः
Formmasculine, vocative, singular

च्यवन उवाच

C
Chyavana (ऋषि च्यवन)
M
Mahīpati / Bhūpati (a king, addressed as lord of the earth)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical necessity of restraint and discernment in speech, especially for rulers: even seemingly ordinary questions can become improper when directed toward a powerful ascetic at an inopportune moment, and disrespect or intrusive curiosity may bring severe consequences.

Chyavana tells the king that when he was getting up to leave, if the king had asked him ‘Where are you going?’, he would have cursed him merely for that act—indicating the tense, cautionary dynamic between royal authority and ascetic spiritual power.