Shloka 9
गोमूल्यनिर्णयः — The Determination of Value through the Cow
Nahuṣa–Cyavana Episode
Devanagari script
अतोड<विशिष्ट स्त्वधमो गुरुदारप्रधर्षक: । बाहां वर्ण जनयति चातुर्वर्ण्यविगर्हितम्
Translation
Bhishma bersabda: Seorang Śūdra yang paling hina, apabila mencemari isteri para guru—Brahmana, Kshatriya dan Vaishya—maka ia melahirkan zuriat yang dicela oleh keempat-empat varṇa, yakni golongan yang terbuang daripada varṇa (seperti Caṇḍāla dan seumpamanya).
Word by Word
अतःtherefore/for this reason
अतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतः
विशिष्टःdistinguished; (here) specified/particular
विशिष्टः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootविशिष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
अधमःlowest/base (person)
अधमः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअधम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गुरुदारप्रधर्षकःviolator of the wives of elders/teachers
गुरुदारप्रधर्षकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगुरुदारप्रधर्षक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बाह्यवर्णम्an outcaste class (outside the varṇas)
बाह्यवर्णम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबाह्यवर्ण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जनयतिbegets/produces
जनयति:
TypeVerb
Rootजन्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
चातुर्वर्ण्यविगर्हितम्condemned by the four varṇas
चातुर्वर्ण्यविगर्हितम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootचातुर्वर्ण्यविगर्हित
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes