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Shloka 26

गोमूल्यनिर्णयः — The Determination of Value through the Cow

Nahuṣa–Cyavana Episode

चाण्डालात्‌ पाण्डुसौपाकस्त्वक्सारव्यवहारवान्‌

cāṇḍālāt pāṇḍusaupākas tvaksāravyavahāravān | cāṇḍāla-puruṣa-niṣāda-jāti-strī-saṃyogena pāṇḍusaupāka-jātir jāyate | eṣā jātir vaṃśa-daliyā-ādi-nirmāṇena jīvikāṃ karoti | vaidehī-jāti-striyā niṣādena saṃparkāt āhiṇḍakaḥ jāyate, kintu sā eva strī cāṇḍālena saṃparkam āpadyate tadā tasyāḥ saupākaḥ prajāyate | saupākasya jīvikā-vṛttiś cāṇḍālasyaiva tulyā |

Bhīṣma menerangkan taksonomi tradisional tentang persatuan campuran: “Daripada seorang lelaki Caṇḍāla dan seorang perempuan Niṣāda lahirlah golongan yang disebut Pāṇḍu-saupāka, yang dikatakan mencari nafkah dengan kerja-kerja buluh—membuat bakul dan barang seumpamanya. Jika seorang perempuan Vaideha berhubungan dengan seorang Niṣāda, dikatakan lahir Āhiṇḍaka; tetapi jika perempuan yang sama berhubungan dengan seorang Caṇḍāla, dikatakan lahir Saupāka. Mata pencarian Saupāka dinyatakan sebanding dengan Caṇḍāla.”

चाण्डालात्from a Caṇḍāla
चाण्डालात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootचाण्डाल
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
पाण्डु-सौपाकःa Pāṇḍu-saupāka (a mixed-caste person so named)
पाण्डु-सौपाकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डुसौपाक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्वक्सार-व्यवहारवान्having the occupation of (working with) bamboo-baskets/implements
त्वक्सार-व्यवहारवान्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootत्वक्सारव्यवहारवत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
C
Cāṇḍāla
N
Niṣāda
V
Vaideha/Vaidehī
P
Pāṇḍu-saupāka
S
Saupāka
Ā
Āhiṇḍaka
B
bamboo (vaṃśa/tvaksāra)
B
basketry (dalikā)

Educational Q&A

The verse is part of Bhīṣma’s dharma-instruction that catalogues socially recognized groups (jātis) and assigns them origins and customary occupations. It reflects a normative classificatory framework used in the text’s discussion of social order and livelihood.

There is no battlefield action here; Bhīṣma is delivering didactic instruction to Yudhiṣṭhira in the Anuśāsana Parva, listing the names, supposed parentage, and livelihoods of certain communities as understood by the tradition represented in the passage.