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Shloka 16

Dāyavibhāga (Inheritance Apportionment) and Household Precedence — Dialogue of Yudhiṣṭhira and Bhīṣma

त्रीणि वर्षाण्युदी क्षेत्र कन्या ऋतुमती सती । चतुर्थे त्वथ सम्प्राप्ते स्वयं भर्तारमर्जयेत्‌,(यदि पिता, भ्राता आदि अभिभावक ऋतुमती होनेके पहले कन्याका विवाह न कर दें तो) ऋतुमती होनेके पश्चात्‌ तीन वर्षतक कन्या अपने विवाहकी बाट देखे। चौथा वर्ष लगनेपर वह स्वयं ही किसीको अपना पति बना ले

trīṇi varṣāṇy udīkṣeta kanyā ṛtumatī satī | caturthe tv atha samprāpte svayaṃ bhartāram arjayet ||

Bhīṣma berkata: “Jika seorang gadis telah mencapai akil baligh namun masih belum berkahwin, hendaklah dia menunggu tiga tahun agar perkahwinan yang sesuai dapat diatur. Apabila tahun keempat tiba, dia boleh, menurut pilihannya sendiri, mendapatkan seorang suami bagi dirinya.”

त्रीणिthree
त्रीणि:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
वर्षाणिyears
वर्षाणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
उदीक्षेतshould wait/expect
उदीक्षेत:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootउद्-ईक्ष्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
कन्याthe maiden/daughter
कन्या:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकन्या
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
ऋतुमतीhaving reached puberty
ऋतुमती:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootऋतुमत्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
सतीbeing; as one who is
सती:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
चतुर्थेin the fourth (year)
चतुर्थे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्थ
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
अथthen/thereupon
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
सम्प्राप्तेwhen (it) has arrived/come
सम्प्राप्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-प्र-आप्
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Neuter, Locative, Singular
स्वयम्herself
स्वयम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस्वयम्
भर्तारम्husband
भर्तारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभर्तृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अर्जयेत्should obtain/choose
अर्जयेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
K
kanyā (a maiden)

Educational Q&A

Guardians should not postpone arranging a marriage after a girl reaches maturity; if they neglect this duty, dharma permits the maiden, after waiting three years, to choose and secure a husband herself in the fourth year.

In Bhīṣma’s instruction on dharma (Anuśāsana Parva), he lays down a normative rule about the timing of marriage for a maiden who has reached puberty, specifying a three-year waiting period and then allowing self-choice if guardians fail to act.