Shloka 4
Indra–Mataṅga Saṃvāda: On the rarity and responsibilities of Brāhmaṇya (इन्द्र-मतङ्ग संवादः)
तपसा वा सुमहता कर्मणा वा श्रुतेन वा । ब्राह्म॒ण्यमथ चेदिच्छेत् तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह,पितामह! यदि कोई ब्राह्मणत्व पानेकी इच्छा करे तो वह उसे तपस्या, महान् कर्म अथवा वेदोंके स्वाध्याय आदि किस उपायसे प्राप्त कर सकता है?
Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca:
Tapasā vā sumahatā karmaṇā vā śrutena vā |
Brāhmaṇyam atha ced icchet tan me brūhi pitāmaha ||
Yudhiṣṭhira berkata: “Wahai Datuk Agung, jika seseorang berhasrat mencapai Brahminhood yang sejati, beritahulah aku dengan cara apakah ia diperoleh—melalui tapa yang besar, melalui perbuatan mulia, atau melalui ilmu dan pengajian suci.”
युधिछिर उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse frames Brahminhood as something to be attained through qualifying means—ascetic discipline, righteous conduct, and sacred learning—inviting a discussion that emphasizes ethical-spiritual merit rather than mere social label.
In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction section, Yudhiṣṭhira questions Bhīṣma (the grandsire and authority on dharma) about the true means by which one becomes a brāhmaṇa, setting up Bhīṣma’s forthcoming explanation.