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Shloka 40

अहिंसयित्वा ब्रह्महत्याविधानम् / Brahmahatyā incurred without physical violence

तारयेत कुलं सर्वमेको5पीह द्विजोत्तम: । किमज़ पुनरेवैते तस्मात्‌ पात्रं समाचरेत्‌,(तृप्ते तृप्ता: सर्व देवा: पितरो मुनयो5पि च ।) एक भी उत्तम ब्राह्मण श्राद्धकर्ताके समस्त कुलको तार सकता है। यदि उपर्युक्त बहुत- से ब्राह्मण तार दें इसमें तो कहना ही क्या है। अतः सुपात्रकी खोज करनी चाहिये। उससे तृप्त होनेपर सम्पूर्ण देवता, पितर और ऋषि भी तृप्त हो जाते हैं

tārayet kulaṁ sarvam eko 'pīha dvijottamaḥ | kim aṅga punar evaite tasmāt pātraṁ samācaret || (tṛpte tṛptāḥ sarve devāḥ pitaro munayo 'pi ca) ||

Bhīṣma berkata: “Walau seorang brāhmaṇa yang unggul sahaja di sini mampu menyelamatkan seluruh keturunan. Apatah lagi jika ramai brāhmaṇa seumpamanya hadir! Maka hendaklah seseorang mencari dengan teliti dan memuliakan penerima yang layak. Apabila orang itu berpuas hati, para dewa, para leluhur, dan para resi juga dianggap berpuas hati.”

तारयेत्should ferry across / should save
तारयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootतॄ (तारयति)
FormVidhi-linga, 3, singular, Parasmaipada
कुलम्family, lineage
कुलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकुल
Formneuter, accusative, singular
सर्वम्entire, all
सर्वम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
Formneuter, accusative, singular
एकःone (single person)
एकः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
अपिeven, also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
इहhere (in this context/world)
इह:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह
द्विजोत्तमःbest of the twice-born (excellent Brahmin)
द्विजोत्तमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्विजोत्तम
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
किम्what? (how much more...)
किम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकिम्
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पुनःagain; moreover
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
एवindeed, certainly
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
एतेthese (people)
एते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
तस्मात्therefore; from that (reason)
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formmasculine/neuter, ablative, singular
पात्रम्a worthy recipient (fit person)
पात्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपात्र
Formneuter, accusative, singular
समाचरेत्should practice/undertake (i.e., should seek/choose properly)
समाचरेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + आ + चर्
FormVidhi-linga, 3, singular, Parasmaipada
तृप्तेwhen (he/it) is satisfied
तृप्ते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootतृप्त
Formmasculine/neuter, locative, singular
तृप्ताःsatisfied
तृप्ताः:
TypeAdjective
Rootतृप्त
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
देवाःgods
देवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
पितरःancestors, manes
पितरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
मुनयःsages
मुनयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमुनि
Formmasculine, nominative, plural
अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
D
dvijottama (excellent brāhmaṇa)
D
devāḥ (gods)
P
pitaraḥ (ancestors)
M
munayaḥ (sages)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that in śrāddha and gifting, the ethical focus should be on choosing a truly worthy recipient (pātra). The merit of the rite is amplified by the recipient’s worthiness: satisfying such a brāhmaṇa is treated as satisfying the gods, ancestors, and sages, thereby benefiting the whole lineage.

In Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma, including the conduct and efficacy of śrāddha. Here he emphasizes that even one exemplary brāhmaṇa can ‘save’ a family line through proper reception of offerings, so one must diligently seek a fit person for the rite.