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Shloka 1

Aṣṭāvakra–Strī-saṃvāda: Dhṛti, hospitality, and a dispute on autonomy

अत एकोनविशो< ध्याय: अष्टावक्र मुनिका वदान्य ऋषिके कहनेसे उत्तर दिशाकी ओर प्रस्थान, मार्गमें कुबेरके द्वारा उनका स्वागत तथा स्त्रीरूपधारिणी उत्तरदिशाके साथ उनका संवाद युधिछिर उवाच यदिदं सहधर्मेति प्रोच्यते भरतर्षभ । पाणिग्रहणकाले तु स्त्रीणामेतत्‌ कथं स्मृतम्‌,युधिष्ठिरने पूछा--भरतश्रेष्ठ! जो यह स्त्रियोंक लिये विवाहकालमें सहधर्मकी बात कही जाती है, वह किस प्रकार बतायी गयी है?

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca— yad idaṃ sahadharmeti procyate bharatarṣabha, pāṇigrahaṇakāle tu strīṇām etat kathaṃ smṛtam?

Yudhiṣṭhira berkata: “Wahai banteng di antara kaum Bharata, ketika upacara perkahwinan, tentang wanita dikatakan, ‘dia adalah pasangan dalam dharma (sahadharma)’. Bagaimanakah prinsip ini harus difahami, dan atas dasar apakah ia diajarkan?”

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular
यत्that which
यत्:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
इदम्this
इदम्:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
सहधर्मshared duty (of spouses)
सहधर्म:
TypeNoun
Rootसहधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
इतिthus/“as”
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
प्रोच्यतेis said/called
प्रोच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Passive, 3, Singular
भरतर्षभO bull among the Bharatas
भरतर्षभ:
TypeNoun
Rootभरतर्षभ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
पाणिग्रहणकालेat the time of hand-taking (marriage rite)
पाणिग्रहणकाले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपाणिग्रहणकाल
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
स्त्रीणाम्of women
स्त्रीणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
स्मृतम्remembered/recorded (as tradition)
स्मृतम्:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ
Formक्त, Neuter, Nominative/Accusative, Singular

युधिछिर उवाच

युधिष्ठिर (Yudhiṣṭhira)
भरत (Bharata lineage; addressed as bharatarṣabha)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharma-inquiry: the wife is proclaimed ‘sahadharmā’ at marriage, and Yudhiṣṭhira asks for the authoritative rationale—how tradition (smṛti) understands a woman’s participation in dharma within the marital bond.

In the Anuśāsana discussions on conduct and duties, Yudhiṣṭhira addresses an elder authority (implied by the honorific ‘bharatarṣabha’) and seeks clarification about the meaning and scriptural grounding of calling a bride a co-partner in dharma during the marriage rite of pāṇigrahaṇa.