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Shloka 1

कालयुक्तधर्मविवेकः

Discerning Dharma in Accord with Time

ऑपनआक्रात छा अर: चतुश्नत्वारिशर्दाधिकशततमो< ध्याय: बन्धन-मुक्ति

umovāca kiṃśīlaḥ kiṃsamācāraḥ puruṣaḥ kaiś ca karmabhiḥ | svargaṃ samabhipadyeta sampradānena kena vā ||

Umā berkata: “Wahai Bhagavan, Penguasa segala makhluk, yang dihormati para dewa dan asura! Wahai Yang Maha Berkuasa, jelaskanlah kepadaku hakikat dharma dan adharma, agar lenyaplah keraguanku tentangnya.”

उमाUmā
उमा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउमा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid/spoke
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
भगवन्O Lord
भगवन्:
TypeNoun
Rootभगवत्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सर्वभूतेशO Lord of all beings
सर्वभूतेश:
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वभूतेश
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
देवासुरनमस्कृतworshipped by gods and asuras
देवासुरनमस्कृत:
TypeAdjective
Rootदेवासुरनमस्कृत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
धर्मdharma/righteousness
धर्म:
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अधर्मःadharma/unrighteousness
अधर्मः:
TypeNoun
Rootअधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नृणाम्of men
नृणाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootनृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
देवO god
देव:
TypeNoun
Rootदेव
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
ब्रूहिtell (me)
ब्रूहि:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperative, 2nd, Singular, Parasmaipada
मेto me
मे:
Sampradana
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormDative, Singular
संशयम्doubt
संशयम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विभोO all-pervading one
विभो:
TypeNoun
Rootविभु
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
उमाUmā
उमा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउमा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
किम्-शीलःof what nature/character?
किम्-शीलः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकिम् + शील
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
किम्-समाचारःof what conduct/practice?
किम्-समाचारः:
TypeAdjective
Rootकिम् + समाचार
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुरुषःa man/person
पुरुषः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कैःby which?/with what?
कैः:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
कर्मभिःby deeds/actions
कर्मभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
स्वर्गम्heaven
स्वर्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वर्ग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
समभिपद्येतmight attain/obtain
समभिपद्येत:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-अभि-पद्
FormOptative, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada
सम्प्रदानेनby giving/donation
सम्प्रदानेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसम्प्रदान
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
केनby what?
केन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

U
Umā

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a dharma-inquiry: heavenly attainment is linked not merely to ritual but to a person’s character (śīla), daily conduct (samācāra), and ethically qualified actions (karma), with special attention to the role and manner of giving (sampradāna/dāna).

In the Umā–Maheśvara dialogue, Umā questions the divine teacher about the moral qualities, behaviors, and specific deeds—including forms of charity—that lead a human being to attain svarga.