Shloka 2

दानशील-समाचारः, सत्कारः, अहिंसा च

Umā–Maheśvara Saṃvāda

Devanagari script

अग्निकार्य च कर्तव्यं परमान्नेन भोजनम्‌ । दीपकश्चापि कर्तव्य: पितृणां सतिलोदक:

Transliteration

Dhaumya uvāca: agnikāryaṃ ca kartavyaṃ paramānnena bhojanam | dīpakaś cāpi kartavyaḥ pitṝṇāṃ satilodakaḥ ||

Translation

Dhaumya berkata: “Hendaklah dilakukan setiap hari upacara yang berkaitan dengan api suci. Pada hari śrāddha, hendaklah para Brahmana dijamu dengan makanan yang paling baik. Hendaklah juga dipersembahkan pelita untuk para Pitṛ dan dibuat libasi air bercampur biji bijan untuk mereka.”

Word by Word

• अग्निकार्यम्: fire-ritual duty (agnihotra etc.)
• अग्निकार्यम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्निकार्य
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• कर्तव्यम्: to be done; obligatory
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कर्तव्य
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• परम-अन्नेन: with excellent food
• परम-अन्नेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: परम + अन्न
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• भोजनम्: feeding; meal (arrangement of feeding)
• भोजनम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भोजन
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• दीपकः: lamp
• दीपकः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दीपक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अपि: also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• कर्तव्यः: to be done; should be performed
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कर्तव्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पितृणाम्: of/for the ancestors
• पितृणाम्: Sampradana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• स-तिल-उदकः: water with sesame (tarpana-water)
• स-तिल-उदकः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: स + तिल + उदक
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

धौग्य उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Dhaumya
• Agni (sacred fire)
• Pitṛs (ancestors)
• dīpa (lamp)
• tila (sesame)
• udaka (water)
• Brāhmaṇas

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse teaches daily and occasional duties of dharma: maintain the sacred fire through regular rites, and honor the ancestors through śrāddha—feeding Brahmins with the best food, offering a lamp, and performing tarpaṇa with sesame-mixed water.

What is happening in the narrative?

In Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction-focused setting, Dhaumya lays down practical observances for righteous living, emphasizing household ritual discipline and the proper honoring of the Pitṛs through prescribed offerings.