Shloka 28

Āvāhāryaka-Śrāddha: Qualifications of Recipients, Paṅkti-Pāvana, and Exclusions

Devanagari script

अपि विद्याकुलैर्युक्ता हीनवृत्ता नराधमाः / यत्रैते भुञ्जते हव्यं तद् भवेदासुर द्विजाः

Transliteration

api vidyākulairyuktā hīnavṛttā narādhamāḥ / yatraite bhuñjate havyaṃ tad bhavedāsura dvijāḥ

Translation

Walaupun berilmu, mereka yang berkelakuan keji menjadi kelahiran kedua yang 'asurik'. Di mana orang sebegini memakan persembahan, upacara itu dianggap sebagai bersifat syaitan.

Word by Word

• अपि: even if
• अपि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अपेक्षा-निपात (even/also)

• विद्या-कुलैः: with lineages of learning
• विद्या-कुलैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विद्या (प्रातिपदिक) + कुल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (vidyāyāḥ kulāni = families/lineages of learning); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन

• युक्ताः: endowed/connected
• युक्ताः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: युज् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (past participle/क्त), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• हीन-वृत्ताः: of low conduct
• हीन-वृत्ताः: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हीन (प्रातिपदिक) + वृत्त (प्रातिपदिक; √वृत् + क्त)
• Form: कर्मधारय (hīnā vṛttiḥ yeṣām/ hīna-vṛttāḥ = of base conduct); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• नर-अधमाः: worst of men
• नर-अधमाः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक) + अधम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय (adhamaḥ naraḥ); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• यत्र: where
• यत्र: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यत्र (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक अव्यय (relative adverb: where)

• एते: these (people)
• एते: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• भुञ्जते: eat/enjoy
• भुञ्जते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भुज् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; आत्मनेपद

• हव्यम्: oblation
• हव्यम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हव्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• तत्: that (place)
• तत्: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; निर्देश (that place/that)

• भवेत्: would become
• भवेत्: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• आसुरम्: demonic
• आसुरम्: Visheshana (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आसुर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विधेय-विशेषण

• द्विजाः: O twice-born (Brahmins)
• द्विजाः: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन/प्रथमा (Vocative/Nominative), बहुवचन; संबोधनार्थे (address)

Speaker

Traditional narration in the Kurma Purana’s dharma-teaching context (instructional voice attributed to the Purana’s main discourse, commonly framed through Suta/Vyasa-style narration)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: raudra

Secondary Rasa: bibhatsa

More Details (4 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

Indirectly: it stresses that spiritual standing is grounded in dharmic conduct rather than mere learning or birth—purity of life is the practical basis for realizing higher truth, including Atman-knowledge.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

No specific technique is named; the verse emphasizes yama-like ethical foundations (purity, right conduct) as prerequisites—without which ritual and spiritual practice become ‘āsura’ in effect.

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

It presents a shared puranic ethic central to both Shaiva and Vaishnava paths: inner conduct determines spiritual legitimacy, aligning ritual life and devotion with dharma rather than sectarian identity.