Shloka 3

Daily Duties of Brāhmaṇas: Snāna, Sandhyā, Sūrya-hṛdaya, Japa, Tarpaṇa, and the Pañca-mahāyajñas

Devanagari script

ब्राह्मे मुहूर्ते तूत्थाय धर्ममर्थं च चिन्तयेत् / कायक्लेशं तदुद्भूतं ध्यायीत मनसेश्वरम्

Transliteration

brāhme muhūrte tūtthāya dharmamarthaṃ ca cintayet / kāyakleśaṃ tadudbhūtaṃ dhyāyīta manaseśvaram

Translation

Pada Brahma-muhūrta, hendaklah bangun lalu merenungkan dharma dan artha; dan, dengan menyedari keletihan jasmani yang timbul daripadanya, hendaklah bermeditasi kepada Īśvara, Penguasa minda.

Word by Word

• brāhme: in the brāhma (early)
• brāhme: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: brāhma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; agrees with muhūrte: ‘in the brāhma (brahma) [time]’

• muhūrte: at the muhūrta (time-period)
• muhūrte: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: muhūrta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular

• tu: indeed/then
• tu: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tu (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), particle (emphasis/contrast)

• utthāya: having risen
• utthāya: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ut-sthā (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), ‘having risen’

• dharmam: dharma
• dharmam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• artham: artha (worldly good)
• artham: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: artha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya, conjunction (समुच्चय)

• cintayet: should contemplate
• cintayet: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: cint (धातु)
• Form: Optative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular; parasmaipada

• kāya-kleśam: bodily hardship
• kāya-kleśam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kāya (प्रातिपदिक) + kleśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; tatpuruṣa ‘bodily affliction’

• tat-udbhūtam: arisen from that
• tat-udbhūtam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + udbhūta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; tatpuruṣa ‘arisen from that’ (agreeing with kāyakleśam as idea/thing)

• dhyāyīta: should meditate
• dhyāyīta: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dhyai (धातु)
• Form: Optative (विधिलिङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular; ātmanepada

• manas-īśvaram: the Lord of the mind
• manas-īśvaram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: manas (प्रातिपदिक) + īśvara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; tatpuruṣa ‘Lord of the mind’

Speaker

Traditional narrator (Purāṇic instruction, framed as authoritative teaching within the Kurma Purana’s dharma discourse; often attributed to the Kurma/Vishnu-teaching stream in context)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: vira

Characters & Entities

• Ishvara
• Brahma-muhurta
• Dharma
• Artha

More Details (4 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

It points to Īśvara as the inner governor of the mind (manas-īśvara), implying a supreme, regulating consciousness to be contemplated beyond bodily strain and mental fluctuation.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

A dinācārya-based practice: rise at Brahma-muhūrta, perform reflective contemplation on dharma and artha, observe the resulting bodily austerity/effort, and stabilize the mind through Īśvara-dhyāna—meditation on the inner Lord who masters the mind.

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

By using the universal category Īśvara as the object of meditation (the mind’s Lord), it aligns with the Kurma Purana’s Shaiva–Vaishnava synthesis: the supreme is approached as one Lord beyond sectarian limitation, realized through disciplined contemplation and yoga.