Shloka 18

Adhyāya 25 — Liṅga-māhātmya (The Chapter on the Liṅga): Hari’s Śiva-Worship and the Fiery Pillar Theophany

Devanagari script

गते बहुतिथे काले द्वारवत्यां निवासिनः / बभूवुर्विह्वला भीता गोविन्दविरहे जनाः

Transliteration

gate bahutithe kāle dvāravatyāṃ nivāsinaḥ / babhūvurvihvalā bhītā govindavirahe janāḥ

Translation

Apabila masa yang panjang berlalu, penduduk Dvāravatī menjadi gelisah dan takut; orang ramai diliputi dukacita kerana perpisahan daripada Govinda.

Word by Word

• गते: when (it) had passed
• गते: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa—locative absolute)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु)
• Form: भूतकृदन्त (Past passive participle/क्त), सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन; पुल्लिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग; काले इति विशेषणवत् (locative absolute sense with kāle)

• बहुतिथे: after many days
• बहुतिथे: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa—qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बहु + तिथि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष (बह्वी तिथिः यस्मिन् → many days); सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन; पुल्लिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग; काले इति विशेषण

• काले: at the time
• काले: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Time)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन; पुल्लिङ्ग; (locative absolute with gate)

• द्वारवत्याम्: in Dvāravatī
• द्वारवत्याम्: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्वारवती (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन; स्त्रीलिङ्ग

• निवासिनः: the residents
• निवासिनः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निवासिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा (Nominative), बहुवचन; पुल्लिङ्ग; जनाः इति समानार्थक/विशेषणवत् (inhabitants)

• बभूवुः: became
• बभूवुः: क्रिया (Main verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• विह्वलाः: distressed
• विह्वलाः: कर्तृविशेषण (Predicate of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: विह्वल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा, बहुवचन; पुल्लिङ्ग; कर्तृ-विशेषण (predicate adjective)

• भीताः: afraid
• भीताः: कर्तृविशेषण (Predicate of subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भीत (प्रातिपदिक; √भी past participial adjective)
• Form: प्रथमा, बहुवचन; पुल्लिङ्ग; कर्तृ-विशेषण

• गोविन्दविरहे: in (the) separation from Govinda
• गोविन्दविरहे: हेतु (Hetu/Cause—locative of cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गोविन्द + विरह (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (गोविन्दस्य विरहः); सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन; पुल्लिङ्ग; कारण/निमित्त-स्थाने (in/at the separation)

• जनाः: people
• जनाः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा, बहुवचन; पुल्लिङ्ग; निवासिनः इति समानाधिकरण (apposition)

Speaker

Purana narrator (Suta/Vyasa tradition) describing events

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Characters & Entities

• Govinda (Krishna)
• Dvaravati (Dvaraka)

More Details (4 sections)

FAQs

How does this verse explain the nature of the Supreme Self (Atman)?

Indirectly, by portraying the pain of separation from Govinda, it points to the Purāṇic teaching that true fear and agitation arise when consciousness feels cut off from the Supreme (Īśvara/Paramātman), whose remembrance restores steadiness.

What Yoga or Meditative practices are highlighted here?

No technical yogic limb is stated, but the verse supports bhakti-yoga as a stabilizing discipline: sustaining smṛti (remembrance) of Govinda and transforming viraha (separation) into single-pointed absorption rather than worldly anxiety.

How does this verse depict the relationship between Shiva and Vishnu?

Though Śiva is not named here, the Kurma Purana’s synthesis frames devotion to Govinda as devotion to the one Supreme Lord; elsewhere the text harmonizes Hari and Hara, so this grief of separation functions as a universal theistic motif rather than a sectarian claim.