Shloka 12
Pṛthivyāyāma-vistara (Extent and Divisions of the Earth) / पृथिव्यायामविस्तरः
Devanagari script
द्वीपो ह्युपनिविष्टो ऽयं म्लेच्छैरन्तेषु सर्वशः / पूर्वे किराता ह्यस्यान्ते पश्चिमे यवनाः स्मृताः
Transliteration
dvīpo hyupaniviṣṭo 'yaṃ mlecchairanteṣu sarvaśaḥ / pūrve kirātā hyasyānte paścime yavanāḥ smṛtāḥ
Translation
Benua ini pada segala sempadannya didiami kaum mleccha. Di hujung timur ada Kirāta, dan di hujung barat disebut Yavana.
Word by Word
dvīpaḥthe island
dvīpaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootdvīpa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
hiindeed
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात (indeed)
upaniviṣṭaḥsettled/inhabited
upaniviṣṭaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootupaniviṣṭa (कृदन्त; √viś 'to enter' with upa+ni)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (past participle)
ayamthis
ayam:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject; apposition)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
mlecchaiḥby mlecchas (foreigners)
mlecchaiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Agent; passive construction)
TypeNoun
Rootmleccha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन
anteṣuat the borders/ends
anteṣu:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootanta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), बहुवचन
sarvaśaḥeverywhere
sarvaśaḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsarvaśas (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; क्रियाविशेषण (adverb) 'everywhere/entirely'
pūrvein the east
pūrve:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootpūrva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; दिक्शब्द (direction term)
kirātāḥKirātas
kirātāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootkirāta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन
hiindeed
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निपात
asyaof this (island)
asya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
anteat the end/border
ante:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootanta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन
paścimein the west
paścime:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण/Location)
TypeNoun
Rootpaścima (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/Locative), एकवचन; दिक्शब्द
yavanāḥYavanas (Greeks/foreigners)
yavanāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootyavana (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन
smṛtāḥare said/are known
smṛtāḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया/Predicative verbal)
TypeVerb
Rootsmṛta (कृदन्त; √smṛ 'to remember/consider')
Formभूतकृदन्त (past passive participle) used predicatively; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोग sense 'are called/considered'