Shloka 21
पितृसर्ग-श्राद्धप्रश्नाः
Pitri-Origins and Shraddha Queries
Devanagari script
तेभ्यस्ते नियतात्मानः पुत्राः शंसुरनेकधा / प्रयश्चित्तानि धर्मज्ञावाङ्मनः कर्मजानि च
Transliteration
tebhyaste niyatātmānaḥ putrāḥ śaṃsuranekadhā / prayaścittāni dharmajñāvāṅmanaḥ karmajāni ca
Translation
Kepada mereka, anak-anak lelaki yang terkawal dan mengetahui dharma menerangkan pelbagai prāyaścitta—bagi kesalahan yang lahir daripada kata-kata, fikiran dan perbuatan.
Word by Word
tebhyaḥfrom them
tebhyaḥ:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma, Masculine/Neuter, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी) Plural (or Dative 4th plural); here Ablative ‘from them’
tethey
te:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
niyata-ātmānaḥself-restrained
niyata-ātmānaḥ:
Karta-anvaya (कर्तृ-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootniyata (नियत, kta of √yam/√ni-yam) + ātman (आत्मन्)
FormBahuvrīhi ‘whose self is disciplined’; Masculine, Nominative, Plural; qualifies putrāḥ/te
putrāḥsons
putrāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootputra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st), Plural
śaṃsuḥdeclared/told
śaṃsuḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootśaṃs (धातु)
FormLuṅ (aorist), 3rd person, Plural, Parasmaipada
anekadhāin many ways
anekadhā:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootaneka-dhā (अव्यय; धा-प्रत्यय)
FormAvyaya adverb ‘in many ways’
prāyaścittāniexpiations
prāyaścittāni:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootprāyaścitta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd), Plural
dharmajñāḥknowing dharma
dharmajñāḥ:
Karta-anvaya (कर्तृ-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक) + jña (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) ‘knowers of dharma’; Masculine, Nominative, Plural; qualifies putrāḥ
vāṅ-manaḥ-karmajāniarising from speech, mind, and deeds
vāṅ-manaḥ-karmajāni:
Karma-anvaya (कर्म-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvāc (वाच्/वाङ्, प्रातिपदिक) + manas (मनस्, प्रातिपदिक) + karma (कर्मन्, प्रातिपदिक) + ja (ज, प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) with coordination inside: ‘born of speech, mind, and action’; Neuter, Accusative (2nd), Plural; qualifies prāyaścittāni
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction particle