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Shloka 4

Indra’s Brahma-hatyā, Flight from Sin, and Purification by Aśvamedha

श्रीशुक उवाच वृत्रविक्रमसंविग्ना: सर्वे देवा: सहर्षिभि: । तद्वधायार्थयन्निन्द्रं नैच्छद् भीतो बृहद्वधात् ॥ ४ ॥

śrī-śuka uvāca vṛtra-vikrama-saṁvignāḥ sarve devāḥ saharṣibhiḥ tad-vadhāyārthayann indraṁ naicchad bhīto bṛhad-vadhāt

Śukadeva berkata: Kerana keperkasaan luar biasa Vṛtrāsura, para dewa bersama para ṛṣi menjadi resah. Mereka memohon Indra membunuhnya, namun Indra menolak kerana takut dosa membunuh seorang brāhmaṇa.

śrī-śukaḥŚrī Śuka
śrī-śukaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśrī-śuka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन); karmadhāraya: śrī + śuka
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
vṛtra-vikrama-saṁvignāḥalarmed by Vṛtra’s prowess
vṛtra-vikrama-saṁvignāḥ:
Kartṛ-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृ-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvṛtra (प्रातिपदिक) + vikrama (प्रातिपदिक) + saṁvigna (कृदन्त, √svid/√vij?; here saṁvigna as adjective)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन); tatpuruṣa: vṛtrasya vikramaḥ (Vṛtra’s prowess) → tena saṁvignāḥ ‘alarmed by’
sarveall
sarve:
Kartṛ-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृ-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsarva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)
devāḥthe gods
devāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdeva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Plural (बहुवचन)
saha-ṛṣibhiḥtogether with the sages
saha-ṛṣibhiḥ:
Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsaha (अव्यय) + ṛṣi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formsaha = indeclinable preposition (सह-योगे अव्यय); ṛṣibhiḥ: Masculine, Instrumental (तृतीया/3), Plural (बहुवचन)
tatthat
tat:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन) used as demonstrative ‘that’
vadhāyafor the killing
vadhāya:
Sampradana/Prayojana (सम्प्रदान/प्रयोजन)
TypeNoun
Rootvadha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Dative (चतुर्थी/4), Singular (एकवचन)
ārthayanrequesting
ārthayan:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootarthaya (धातु-नामधातु from artha)
FormPresent active participle (शतृ/वर्तमान कृदन्त), Masculine, Nominative, Plural; from √arthaya ‘to request/beg’
indramIndra
indram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootindra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया/2), Singular (एकवचन)
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle (निषेध-निपात)
aicchatdesired/was willing
aicchat:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootiṣ (धातु)
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)
bhītaḥafraid
bhītaḥ:
Kartṛ-viśeṣaṇa (कर्तृ-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootbhīta (कृदन्त, √bhī)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा/1), Singular (एकवचन)
bṛhat-vadhātfrom the great slaughter
bṛhat-vadhāt:
Hetu/Apādāna (हेतु/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootbṛhat (प्रातिपदिक) + vadha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Ablative (पञ्चमी/5), Singular (एकवचन); karmadhāraya: bṛhat + vadha ‘great killing/slaughter’
Ś
Śukadeva Gosvāmī
V
Vṛtrāsura
I
Indra
D
Devas
Ṛṣis

FAQs

Because Indra feared the severe karmic reaction of bṛhad-vadha—killing a great person—and therefore hesitated despite the devas’ request.

Śukadeva Gosvāmī is speaking, narrating the history to King Parīkṣit as part of the Sixth Canto’s account of the devas and Vṛtrāsura.

It highlights how moral fear and awareness of karmic consequences can create hesitation; one must seek dharmic clarity and higher guidance before acting in grave situations.