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Srimad Bhagavatam — Shashtha Skandha, Shloka 15

Vṛtrāsura Instructs Indra on Providence and Devotion; The Slaying of Vṛtrāsura

सत्त्वं रजस्तम इति प्रकृतेर्नात्मनो गुणा: । तत्र साक्षिणमात्मानं यो वेद स न बध्यते ॥ १५ ॥

sattvaṁ rajas tama iti prakṛter nātmano guṇāḥ tatra sākṣiṇam ātmānaṁ yo veda sa na badhyate

Sattva, rajas dan tamas ialah sifat-sifat alam kebendaan, bukan sifat jiwa. Sesiapa yang mengetahui bahawa jiwa murni hanyalah saksi terhadap tindakan dan reaksi tiga guna itu, dialah orang yang bebas; dia tidak terikat olehnya.

सत्त्वम्sattva (goodness)
सत्त्वम्:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootसत्त्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन
रजःrajas (passion)
रजः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootरजस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन
तमःtamas (darkness)
तमः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतमस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन
इतिthus
इति:
Avyaya (अव्यय/Marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formउद्धरण/समाप्त्यर्थक-अव्यय (quotative particle)
प्रकृतेःof prakṛti (material nature)
प्रकृतेः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रकृति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन
not
:
Avyaya (अव्यय/Negator)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negation)
आत्मनःof the self
आत्मनः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन
गुणाःqualities
गुणाः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootगुण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन
तत्रthere/in that
तत्र:
Avyaya (अव्यय/Modifier)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक-अव्यय (locative adverb: there/in that matter)
साक्षिणम्as witness
साक्षिणम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootसाक्षिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; कर्म-विशेषण (qualifier of object)
आत्मानम्the self
आत्मानम्:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootआत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन
यःwho
यः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक (relative pronoun)
वेदknows
वेद:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootविद् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect/परोक्ष), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; वर्तमानार्थे लिट् (knows)
सःhe
सः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन; तद्-प्रत्यय (correlative pronoun)
not
:
Avyaya (अव्यय/Negator)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negation)
बध्यतेis bound
बध्यते:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootबन्ध् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present/वर्तमान), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद, कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive)

As the Lord explains in Bhagavad-gītā (18.54) :

V
Vṛtrāsura
I
Indra

FAQs

This verse states that sattva, rajas, and tamas belong to prakṛti (material nature), not to the ātmā; realizing the self as the witness frees one from bondage to the modes.

While facing Indra in battle, Vṛtrāsura instructs him (and all listeners) in spiritual truth—distinguishing the soul from material nature—showing that real freedom is transcendence of the gunas.

Notice moods and impulses as movements of the gunas, and practice steady remembrance that you are the observing consciousness; this reduces reactive behavior and supports devotion and inner freedom.