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Shloka 20

Dadhīci’s Supreme Charity and the Opening of Indra’s War with Vṛtrāsura

नमुचि: शम्बरोऽनर्वा द्विमूर्धा ऋषभोऽसुर: । हयग्रीव: शङ्कुशिरा विप्रचित्तिरयोमुख: ॥ १९ ॥ पुलोमा वृषपर्वा च प्रहेतिर्हेतिरुत्कल: । दैतेया दानवा यक्षा रक्षांसि च सहस्रश: ॥ २० ॥ सुमालिमालिप्रमुखा: कार्तस्वरपरिच्छदा: । प्रतिषिध्येन्द्रसेनाग्रं मृत्योरपि दुरासदम् ॥ २१ ॥ अभ्यर्दयन्नसम्भ्रान्ता: सिंहनादेन दुर्मदा: । गदाभि: परिघैर्बाणै: प्रासमुद्गरतोमरै: ॥ २२ ॥

namuciḥ śambaro ’narvā dvimūrdhā ṛṣabho ’suraḥ hayagrīvaḥ śaṅkuśirā vipracittir ayomukhaḥ

Ratusan dan ribuan daitya-dānava, yakṣa dan rākṣasa—dipimpin Sumāli dan Māli—berhias perhiasan emas, menahan barisan hadapan tentera Indra yang bahkan Maut pun sukar menembusinya. Antara mereka ialah Namuci, Śambara, Anarvā, Dvimūrdhā, Ṛṣabha, Hayagrīva, Śaṅkuśirā, Vipracitti, Ayomukha, Pulomā, Vṛṣaparvā, Praheti, Heti dan Utkala. Dengan raungan seperti singa, tanpa gentar dan mabuk angkuh, mereka menyakiti para dewa dengan gada, belantan besi, panah, lembing berduri, penukul dan tombak.

पुलोमाPulomā
पुलोमा:
Karta/कर्ता (Listed subject/member)
TypeNoun
Rootपुलोमा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; Nominative singular (proper name)
वृषपर्वाVṛṣaparvā
वृषपर्वा:
Karta/कर्ता (Listed subject/member)
TypeNoun
Rootवृष + पर्वन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; Nominative singular; तत्पुरुष (वृषस्य पर्व/पर्वा) used as name
and
:
Sambandha/सम्बन्ध (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
प्रहेतिःPraheti
प्रहेतिः:
Karta/कर्ता (Listed subject/member)
TypeNoun
Rootप्र + हेति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; Nominative singular (proper name)
हेतिःHeti
हेतिः:
Karta/कर्ता (Listed subject/member)
TypeNoun
Rootहेति (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; Nominative singular (proper name)
उत्कलःUtkala
उत्कलः:
Karta/कर्ता (Listed subject/member)
TypeNoun
Rootउत्कल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; Nominative singular (proper name)
दैतेयाःthe Daityas
दैतेयाः:
Karta/कर्ता (Listed group)
TypeNoun
Rootदैतेय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन; Nominative plural
दानवाःthe Dānavas
दानवाः:
Karta/कर्ता (Listed group)
TypeNoun
Rootदानव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन; Nominative plural
यक्षाःthe Yakṣas
यक्षाः:
Karta/कर्ता (Listed group)
TypeNoun
Rootयक्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन; Nominative plural
रक्षांसिthe Rākṣasas/demons
रक्षांसि:
Karta/कर्ता (Listed group)
TypeNoun
Rootरक्षस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन; Nominative plural
and
:
Sambandha/सम्बन्ध (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
सहस्रशःby the thousand; in thousands
सहस्रशः:
Kriyāviśeṣaṇa/क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसहस्रशस् (अव्यय)
Formपरिमाण/प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (adverb: ‘by thousands, in thousands’)
N
Namuci
Ś
Śambara
A
Anarvā
D
Dvimūrdhā
Ṛṣabha (asura)
H
Hayagrīva
Ś
Śaṅkuśirā
V
Vipracitti
A
Ayomukha

FAQs

The verse lists prominent asuras who came to fight: Namuci, Śambara, Anarvā, Dvimūrdhā, the asura Ṛṣabha, Hayagrīva, Śaṅkuśirā, Vipracitti, and Ayomukha.

He is describing the scale of the devasura conflict—many powerful asuras assembled to oppose Indra’s side, emphasizing the intensity of the war surrounding Vṛtrāsura’s appearance.

It highlights how collective strength without dharma—when driven by envy and opposition to the divine order—still leads to fear and ruin, encouraging alignment with righteous principles and devotion.