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Shloka 18

The Forest of Material Existence: Jaḍa Bharata Instructs King Rahūgaṇa

द्रुमेषु रंस्यन् सुतदारवत्सलो व्यवायदीनो विवश: स्वबन्धने । क्‍वचित्प्रमादाद् गिरिकन्दरे पतन् वल्लीं गृहीत्वा गजभीत आस्थित: ॥ १८ ॥

drumeṣu raṁsyan suta-dāra-vatsalo vyavāya-dīno vivaśaḥ sva-bandhane kvacit pramādād giri-kandare patan vallīṁ gṛhītvā gaja-bhīta āsthitaḥ

Apabila jiwa menjadi seperti monyet yang melompat dari dahan ke dahan, dia tinggal di pohon kehidupan berumah tangga tanpa keuntungan selain seks, terbelenggu dan tidak berdaya. Kadang kerana cuai dia jatuh ke gua gunung, bagaikan penyakit yang tidak dapat disembuhkan; takut akan kematian seperti gajah di belakang gua itu, dia berpaut pada sulur dan ranting lalu terkatung-katung.

द्रुमेषुamong trees
द्रुमेषु:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootद्रुम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
रंस्यन्sporting, enjoying
रंस्यन्:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootरम् (धातु) → रंस्यत् (शतृ)
Formवर्तमानकृदन्त (present participle, शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘sporting/delighting’
सुत-दारा-वत्सलःfond of son and wife
सुत-दारा-वत्सलः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootसुत (प्रातिपदिक) + दारा (प्रातिपदिक) + वत्सल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसमास: सुतदारेषु वत्सलः (affectionate toward son and wife); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
व्यवाय-दीनःmiserable from sensuality
व्यवाय-दीनः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यवाय (प्रातिपदिक) + दीन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसमास: व्यवाये दीनः (wretched due to sexual indulgence); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
विवशःhelpless
विवशः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootविवश (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
स्व-बन्धनेin his own bondage
स्व-बन्धने:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootस्व (प्रातिपदिक) + बन्धन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसमास: स्वस्य बन्धनम्; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन
क्वचित्somewhere
क्वचित्:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootक्वचित् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, अनिश्चित-देशवाचक (somewhere)
प्रमादात्from negligence
प्रमादात्:
Hetu/Apadana (हेतु/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootप्रमाद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; हेतौ/अपादाने (from/through negligence)
गिरि-कन्दरेin a mountain cave
गिरि-कन्दरे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootगिरि (प्रातिपदिक) + कन्दर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसमास: गिरेः कन्दरम्; नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन
पतन्falling
पतन्:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootपत् (धातु) → पतत् (शतृ)
Formवर्तमानकृदन्त (present participle, शतृ), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘falling’
वल्लीम्a creeper/vine
वल्लीम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootवल्ली (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
गृहीत्वाhaving grasped
गृहीत्वा:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootग्रह् (धातु) → गृहीत्वा (क्त्वान्त)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund), पूर्वकालिक क्रिया (having seized)
गज-भीतःafraid of an elephant
गज-भीतः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootगज (प्रातिपदिक) + भीत (भी धातु→क्त)
Formसमास: गजेन भीतः / गजात् भीतः (elephant-frightened); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; क्त-प्रत्ययान्त
आस्थितःhaving held on / remained
आस्थितः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootआ+स्था (धातु) → आस्थित (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; भूतकृदन्त (having taken position/held on)

The precarious condition of a householder’s life is described herein. A householder’s life is full of misery, and the only attraction is sex with the wife who kicks him during sexual intercourse, just as the she-ass does her mate. Due to continuous sex life, he falls victim to many incurable diseases. At that time, being afraid of death, which is like an elephant, he remains hanging from the twigs and branches of the tree, just like a monkey.

FAQs

This verse describes how excessive affection for spouse and children, combined with indulgence in sense pleasure, makes a person helplessly bound in self-created material bondage.

The imagery conveys overwhelming, sudden terror in material life—when one slips due to negligence, he clings desperately for survival, haunted by powerful dangers beyond his control.

Moderate sense enjoyment, avoid negligence, and cultivate spiritual priorities—otherwise comfort-based life can quickly turn into anxiety and dependence when circumstances collapse.