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Srimad Bhagavatam — Ekadasha Skandha, Shloka 52

The Song of the Avantī Brāhmaṇa (Avanti-brāhmaṇa-gītā): Mind as the Root of Suffering and Equanimity Amid Insult

आत्मा यदि स्यात् सुखदु:खहेतु: किमन्यतस्तत्र निजस्वभाव: । न ह्यात्मनोऽन्यद् यदि तन्मृषा स्यात् क्रुध्येत कस्मान्न सुखं न दु:खम् ॥ ५२ ॥

ātmā yadi syāt sukha-duḥkha-hetuḥ kim anyatas tatra nija-svabhāvaḥ na hy ātmano ’nyad yadi tan mṛṣā syāt krudhyeta kasmān na sukhaṁ na duḥkham

Jika ātman sendiri menjadi punca suka dan duka, maka kita tidak boleh menyalahkan orang lain, kerana suka dan duka hanyalah sifat jiwa. Menurut pandangan ini, tiada apa selain ātman; jika terlihat sesuatu selain ātman, itu hanyalah māyā. Maka apabila suka dan duka pun tidak benar-benar wujud, mengapa marah pada diri sendiri atau orang lain?

ātmāthe self
ātmā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootātman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
yadiif
yadi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyadi (अव्यय)
Formशर्तार्थक-अव्यय (if)
syātwere/should be
syāt:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootas (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन
sukha-duḥkha-hetuḥcause of pleasure and pain
sukha-duḥkha-hetuḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsukha (प्रातिपदिक) + duḥkha (प्रातिपदिक) + hetu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष: सुखदुःखयोः हेतुḥ = cause of pleasure and pain
kimwhat?
kim:
Prashna (प्रश्न)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
anyataḥfrom elsewhere
anyataḥ:
Apadana (अपादान)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootanyataḥ (अव्यय)
Formअपादानार्थक-अव्यय (ablatival adverb: from elsewhere/otherwise)
tatrathere/then
tatra:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatra (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक-अव्यय (there/in that case)
nija-svabhāvaḥone’s own nature
nija-svabhāvaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootnija (प्रातिपदिक) + svabhāva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्मधारय: निजः स्वभावः = one’s own nature
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय (negation)
hiindeed
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (indeed/for)
ātmanaḥof the self
ātmanaḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootātman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन
anyatanything else/other
anyat:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootanya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
yadiif
yadi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyadi (अव्यय)
Formशर्तार्थक-अव्यय (if)
tatthat
tat:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम, नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
mṛṣāfalse
mṛṣā:
Kriya-visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootmṛṣā (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय (adverb: falsely/in vain)
syātwere/should be
syāt:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootas (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ्, परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन
krudhyetashould be angry
krudhyeta:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootkrudh (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ्, आत्मनेपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन
kasmātfrom what cause?/why?
kasmāt:
Apadana (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम/प्रश्नवाचक, पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (5th/Ablative), एकवचन
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय
sukhampleasure
sukham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsukha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन
nanor
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-अव्यय
duḥkhampain
duḥkham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootduḥkha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

Because a dead body does not feel pleasure or pain, our happiness and distress are due to our own consciousness, which is the nature of the soul. It is not, however, the original function of the soul to enjoy material happiness and suffer material distress. These are produced by ignorant material affection and enmity based on false ego. Our involvement in sense gratification drags our consciousness into the material body, where it is shocked by the inevitable bodily pains and problems.

A
Avadhūta (Dattātreya)
K
King Yadu

FAQs

This verse explains that blaming either the self alone or something other than the self as the ultimate cause breaks down philosophically; real relief comes from understanding the deeper truth of the self and giving up misplaced anger and blame.

King Yadu approached the Avadhūta seeking wisdom, and the Avadhūta taught renunciation and clear perception—showing that anger arises from misidentifying the true cause of suffering.

Before reacting, examine the tendency to blame yourself or others; practice steadiness by remembering that emotions arise from mistaken identification, and respond from clarity, prayer, and self-discipline rather than anger.