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Shloka 24

The Prayers of the Personified Vedas (Śruti-stuti) and the Indescribable Absolute

क इह नु वेद बतावरजन्मलयोऽग्रसरं यत उदगाद‍ृषिर्यमनु देवगणा उभये । तर्हि न सन्न चासदुभयं न च कालजव: किमपि न तत्र शास्‍त्रमवकृष्य शयीत यदा ॥ २४ ॥

ka iha nu veda batāvara-janma-layo ’gra-saraṁ yata udagād ṛṣir yam anu deva-gaṇā ubhaye tarhi na san na cāsad ubhayaṁ na ca kāla-javaḥ kim api na tatra śāstram avakṛṣya śayīta yadā

Setiap orang di dunia ini baru sahaja dilahirkan dan akan segera mati. Jadi bagaimana mungkin sesiapa mengenali Dia yang wujud sebelum segala sesuatu dan yang melahirkan Brahma? Apabila Dia menarik segala sesuatu ke dalam diri-Nya, tiada apa yang tinggal, tiada masa ataupun kitab suci.

kaḥwho
kaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम (pronoun)
ihahere
iha:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative sense)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiha (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; देशवाचक क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of place)
nuindeed/then (particle)
nu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnu (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; प्रश्न/अनुनासिक निपात (interrogative particle)
vedaknows
veda:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootvid (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; √विद् ‘to know’
bataalas/indeed
bata:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootbata (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; विस्मय/खेद निपात (exclamatory particle)
avara-janma-layaḥthe lower (world’s) birth and dissolution
avara-janma-layaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootavara (प्रातिपदिक) + janman (प्रातिपदिक) + laya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; समासः (तत्पुरुष) ‘अवरस्य जन्मलयः’
agra-saramthe foremost/preceding (principle)
agra-saram:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootagra (प्रातिपदिक) + sara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; विशेषण; समासः (तत्पुरुष) ‘अग्रं सरति’/‘अग्रसार’ = foremost/preceding
yataḥfrom which
yataḥ:
Apadana (अपादान/Source)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय; यत्-प्रत्ययान्त अव्यय (relative adverb) ‘from which/whence’
udagātarose/went forth
udagāt:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootud + gam (धातु)
Formलुङ् (Aorist), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; √गम् ‘to go forth/arise’ with उद्-
ṛṣiḥthe sage
ṛṣiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootṛṣi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
yamwhom/which
yam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
anuafter/following
anu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootanu (अव्यय/उपसर्ग)
Formअव्यय; उपसर्ग/पूर्वसर्गार्थ ‘following/after’
deva-gaṇāḥhosts of gods
deva-gaṇāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootdeva (प्रातिपदिक) + gaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; समासः (तत्पुरुष) ‘देवानां गणाः’
ubhayeboth (sides)
ubhaye:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootubhaya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), द्विवचन; ‘both (groups)’
tarhithen/therefore
tarhi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottarhi (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; काल/निगमनार्थ (then/therefore)
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negator)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निषेध (negation)
satthe existent
sat:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootas (धातु)
Formसत् (वर्तमान कृदन्त/शतृ), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन (contextual); ‘being/existent’
nanor
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negator)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निषेध
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)
asatthe non-existent
asat:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootas (धातु)
Formअसत् (नञ्-पूर्वक वर्तमान कृदन्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘non-being’
ubhayamboth (together)
ubhayam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootubhaya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; ‘both together’
nanor
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negator)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निषेध
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय
kāla-javaḥthe speed/force of time
kāla-javaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootkāla (प्रातिपदिक) + java (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; समासः (तत्पुरुष) ‘कालस्य जवः’ = speed/impetus of time
kimanything
kim:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
apieven/also
api:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootapi (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अपि (emphasis/also/even)
nanot
na:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negator)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निषेध
tatrathere
tatra:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locative sense)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatra (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; देशवाचक (adverb of place)
śāstramscripture/teaching
śāstram:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootśāstra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन
avakṛṣyahaving set aside
avakṛṣya:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकालक्रिया/absolutive)
TypeVerb
Rootava + kṛṣ (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय (gerund/absolutive); √कृष् ‘to draw/pull’ with अव-; ‘having drawn away/setting aside’
śayītawould lie/rest
śayīta:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootśī (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), आत्मनेपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; √शी ‘to lie/sleep’
yadāwhen
yadā:
Kala-adhikarana (कालाधिकरण/Time)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyadā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; कालवाचक (temporal adverb) ‘when’

Here the śrutis express the difficulty of knowing the Supreme. Devotional service, or bhakti-yoga, as described in these prayers of the personified Vedas, is the surest and easiest path to knowledge of the Lord and to liberation. In comparison, the philosophic search for knowledge, known as jñāna-yoga, is very difficult, favored though it is by those who are disgusted with material life but still unwilling to surrender to the Lord. As long as the finite soul remains envious of the Lord’s supremacy, the Lord does not reveal Himself. As He states in Bhagavad-gītā (7.25) :

B
Brahmā
D
Deva-gaṇāḥ (demigods)
Ś
Śrutayaḥ (personified Vedas)

FAQs

This verse says that before creation there was neither sat (manifest being) nor asat (non-being), nor even the driving force of time—implying the Supreme Reality transcends all categories by which creation is described.

Because śāstra operates through language and categories like being/non-being and time; the pre-creation condition described here lies beyond those conceptual handles, so scripture cannot “rest” on an object there in the ordinary way.

It encourages humility about intellectual certainty and directs seekers toward devotion and realization of the transcendent Lord, rather than trying to confine the Absolute within limited concepts.