Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 29

Kṛṣṇa’s Queens, Their Sons, and Balarāma’s Victory over Rukmī at Dice

Aniruddha–Rocanā Marriage Context

शतं सहस्रमयुतं रामस्तत्राददे पणम् । तं तु रुक्‍म्यजयत्तत्र कालिङ्ग: प्राहसद् बलम् । दन्तान् सन्दर्शयन्नुच्चैर्नामृष्यत्तद्धलायुध: ॥ २९ ॥

śataṁ sahasram ayutaṁ rāmas tatrādade paṇam taṁ tu rukmy ajayat tatra kāliṅgaḥ prāhasad balam dantān sandarśayann uccair nāmṛṣyat tad dhalāyudhaḥ

Dalam permainan itu, Balarāma mula-mula menerima taruhan seratus, kemudian seribu, kemudian sepuluh ribu syiling. Pusingan pertama dimenangi Rukmī. Raja Kaliṅga ketawa kuat mengejek Balarāma sambil menampakkan giginya. Balarāma, Pemegang Bajak, tidak dapat menahan penghinaan itu.

शतम्a hundred
शतम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootśata (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; accusative singular (stake amount)
सहस्रम्a thousand
सहस्रम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsahasra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; accusative singular
अयुतम्ten thousand
अयुतम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootayuta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; accusative singular
रामःRama (Balarama)
रामः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootrāma (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; nominative singular
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatra (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; देश/प्रसङ्ग-अव्यय (locative adverb)
आददेput down (as stake)
आददे:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootā-√dā (धातु)
Formलिट् (perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; ‘took/placed (as stake)’
पणम्stake/wager
पणम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; accusative singular
तम्him
तम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम; पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; accusative singular
तुbut
तु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formनिपात; contrastive ‘but’
रुक्मीRukmi
रुक्मी:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootrukmin (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; nominative singular
अजयत्defeated
अजयत्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√ji (धातु)
Formलङ् (imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; ‘defeated/won over’
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatra (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; locative adverb
कालिङ्गःthe Kalinga king
कालिङ्गः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootkāliṅga (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; nominative singular
प्राहसत्laughed
प्राहसत्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootpra-√has (धातु)
Formलङ् (imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; ‘laughed aloud’
बलम्at Balarama
बलम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootbala (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; accusative singular
दन्तान्teeth
दन्तान्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootdanta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; accusative plural
सन्दर्शयन्showing
सन्दर्शयन्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootsam-√dṛś (धातु) + śatṛ (कृत्)
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकृदन्त (present participle); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; ‘showing’
उच्चैःloudly/high
उच्चैः:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootuccaiḥ (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; manner adverb
not
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-निपात; negation
अमृष्यत्did not tolerate
अमृष्यत्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√mṛṣ (धातु)
Formलङ् (imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; ‘tolerated/endured’ (with न = ‘did not tolerate’)
तत्-हलायुधःthat plough-weaponed one (Balarama)
तत्-हलायुधः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + halāyudha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formकर्मधारय (तद् एव हलायुधः = ‘that plough-weaponed one’); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; nominative singular

Śrīla Viśvanātha Cakravartī explains that the wagers consisted of gold coins. Lord Balarāma inwardly became quite angry when He saw the gross offense of the King of Kaliṅga.

B
Balarāma (Rāma, Halāyudha)
R
Rukmī
K
King of Kaliṅga

FAQs

This verse describes Balarāma placing progressively higher wagers and being shown as losing to Rukmī, after which the king of Kaliṅga mocks Balarāma—setting the stage for Balarāma’s intolerance of insult and the ensuing consequences.

He laughed to mock and dishonor Balarāma in public, brazenly baring his teeth; the verse highlights that such ridicule was offensive enough that Halāyudha could not tolerate it.

Public ridicule and prideful mockery escalate conflict; the verse warns against humiliating others and shows how contempt can provoke serious reactions—encouraging restraint, respect, and humility.