Sutra 9

Devanagari script

संदर्शने कोपः वाक्यस्याश्रवणप्रतिषेधौ आसनचक्षुषोरदानम् वर्णस्वरभेदः एकाक्षिभ्रुकुट्योष्ठनिर्भोगः स्वेदश्वासस्मितानामस्थानोत्पत्तिः परमन्त्रणमकस्माद्व्रजनम् वर्धनमन्यस्य भूमिगात्रविलेखनमन्यस्योपतोदनम् विद्यावर्णदेशकुत्सा समदोषनिन्दा प्रतिदोषनिन्दा प्रतिलोमस्तवः सुकृतानवेक्षणम् दुष्कृतानुकीर्तनम् पृष्ठावधानमतित्यागः मिथ्याभिभाषणम् राजदर्शिनां च तद्वृत्तान्यत्वम् ॥ कZ_०५.५.०९ ॥

Transliteration

saṃdarśane kopaḥ vākyasyāśravaṇapratiṣedhau āsanacakṣuṣoradānam varṇasvarabhedaḥ ekākṣibhrukuṭyoṣṭhanirbhogaḥ svedaśvāsasmitānāmasthānotpattiḥ paramantraṇamakasmādvrajanam vardhanamanyasya bhūmigātravilekhanamanyasyopatodanam vidyāvarṇadeśakutsā samadoṣanindā pratidoṣanindā pratilomastavaḥ sukṛtānavekṣaṇam duṣkṛtānukīrtanam pṛṣṭhāvadhānamatityāgaḥ mithyābhibhāṣaṇam rājadarśināṃ ca tadvṛttānyatvam

Translation

Tanda-tanda tidak senang ialah: marah ketika bertemu; enggan mendengar atau menolak kata-kata seseorang; tidak menawarkan tempat duduk atau bahkan tidak memandang; perubahan pada raut wajah dan nada suara; renungan dengan sebelah mata, berkerut dahi, mencebik bibir; berpeluh, pernafasan berubah, senyuman yang tidak pada tempatnya; berunding dengan orang lain; pergi secara tiba-tiba; menaikkan orang lain; menggaru tanah atau anggota badan; menyindir/mengejek orang lain; memperlekeh ilmu, keturunan atau negeri seseorang; menyalahkan atas kesalahan umum atau setiap kesalahan tertentu; memuji secara songsang/berlawanan; mengabaikan jasa baik; mengungkit keburukan; membelakangi atau meninggalkan; berkata dusta; serta perubahan tingkah laku orang-orang yang mempunyai akses menghadap raja.

Word by Word

संदर्शनेon being seen / at the time of an audience (meeting)

कोपःanger

वाक्यस्यof (one’s) speech / words

अश्रवणnot listening / refusal to hear

प्रतिषेधौtwo acts of prohibition/refusal (i.e., refusal to listen and refusal to respond/accept)

आसनseat; sitting posture

चक्षुषोःof the two eyes

अदानम्not giving; withholding (e.g., not offering a seat / not giving eye-contact)

वर्णcolor/complexion; (also) phonetic class

स्वरvoice; tone; vowel/accent

भेदःchange/alteration (difference)

एकाक्षिone-eyed look / looking with one eye (sidelong)

भ्रुकुटिfrown; knitted eyebrows

ओष्ठlip

निर्भोगःcontortion/drawing (of the face), grimace (lit. distortion/withdrawal)

स्वेदof sweating

श्वासof breathing (heavy breaths)

स्मितानाम्of smiles (smirks)

अस्थानat an improper time/place

उत्पत्तिःarising/occurrence

परमन्त्रणम्private whispering/consultation with another

अकस्मात्suddenly; without cause

व्रजनम्going away; departure

वर्धनम्praising/raising; showing increase (of regard)

अन्यस्यof another (person)

भूमिground/floor

गात्रbody/limb

विलेखनम्scratching; drawing lines (nervously)

अन्यस्यof another (person)

उपतोदनम्prodding/poking (someone)

विद्याlearning/knowledge

वर्णcaste/class (varna)

देशcountry/region

कुत्साcontempt; disparagement

समequal; indiscriminate

दोषfault; defect; offence

निन्दाblame; censure

प्रतिदोषeach fault in turn / fault-for-fault

निन्दाblame; censure

प्रतिलोमcontrary; perverse; against the grain

स्तवःpraise (ironical/contrary praise here)

सुकृतof good deeds/merits

अनवेक्षणम्not noticing; not taking into account

दुष्कृतof bad deeds/demerits

अनुकीर्तनम्recounting; repeatedly mentioning

पृष्ठback; behind

अवधानम्attention (directed elsewhere/behind)

अतित्यागःexcessive neglect/abandonment; over-disregard

मिथ्याfalsely

अभिभाषणम्speaking/addressing (someone)

राजदर्शिनाम्of those who see/meet the king (royal visitors)

चand

तद्वृत्तानिthose behaviours/acts (of theirs)

अन्यत्वम्difference/alteration; being otherwise (change from normal)

Entities Mentioned

king (implied by rājadarśinām)

courtiers with access

FAQs

Why does Kautilya include ‘changed behavior of those who see the king’ as an indicator?

Because shifts in access networks often precede formal decisions; intermediaries adjust first when favor and information channels change.