Adhyakshaprachara Adhyaya 28 Sutra 21 - Arthashastra | Malay | Vedapath

Kautilya

Sutra 21

Devanagari script

क्षुद्रपशुर्मनुष्यश्च सभारो माषकं दद्यात् शिरोभारः कायभारो गवाश्वं च द्वौ उष्ट्रमहिषं चतुरः पञ्च लभुयानं षड्गोलिङ्गं सप्त शकटम् पन्यभारः पादम् ॥ कZ_०२.२८.२१ ॥

Transliteration

kṣudrapaśur manuṣyaś ca sabhāro māṣakaṃ dadyāt śirobhāraḥ kāyabhāro gavāśvaṃ ca dvau uṣṭramahiṣaṃ caturaḥ pañca labhuyānaṃ ṣaḍ goliṅgaṃ sapta śakaṭam paṇyabhāraḥ pādam

Translation

Bagi bayaran menyeberang: haiwan kecil dan seorang lelaki yang membawa beban hendaklah membayar 1 māṣaka; beban di kepala, beban di badan, serta seekor lembu atau kuda hendaklah membayar 2; unta atau kerbau hendaklah membayar 4; (kelas yang lebih berat) 5; kenderaan ringan 6; kenderaan jenis goliṅga 7; kereta (mengikut kadar yang ditetapkan); dan beban barangan dagangan hendaklah membayar 1/4 (daripada unit piawai).

Word by Word

क्षुद्रपशुःa small animal (minor livestock)

मनुष्यःa man/person

चand

सभारःcarrying a load / laden

माषकम्a māṣaka (coin/weight unit)

दद्यात्should give/pay

शिरोभारःhead-load (load carried on the head)

कायभारःbody-load (load carried on the body/back)

गवाश्वम्cattle-and-horse (as a pair/class)

चand

द्वौtwo

उष्ट्रमहिषम्camel-and-buffalo (as a pair/class)

चतुरःfour

पञ्चfive

लघुयानम्a light vehicle/cart

षट्six

गोलिङ्गम्go-liṅga (a technical category/mark relating to cattle)

सप्तseven

शकटम्a cart/wagon

पन्यभारःload of merchandise/trade-goods

पादम्a quarter (one-fourth share)

Entities Mentioned

travellers

merchants/caravans

animals and vehicles

FAQs

What administrative idea does this tariff list illustrate?

A standardized, category-based user-fee schedule to reduce discretion, leakage, and disputes.