Sutra 12

Devanagari script

नाविकसार्थवाहेभ्यश्च परिहारमायतिक्षमं दद्यात् ॥ कZ_०२.१६.१२ ॥

Transliteration

nāvikasārthavāhebhyaś ca parihāram āyatikṣamaṃ dadyāt

Translation

Dia hendaklah memberikan pelepasan/pengecualian kepada para pendayung/perahu dan ketua kafilah, dengan cara yang mampan untuk jangka panjang.

Word by Word

• नाविक: boatman, sailor
• Type: Noun
• Root: नाविक
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया/सम्बोधन एकवचन (प्रातिपदिक: नाविक) — here in compound base

• सार्थवाहेभ्यः: from/for caravan-leaders
• Type: Noun
• Root: सार्थवाह
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; पञ्चमी बहुवचन (ablative plural)

• च: and
• Type: Particle
• Root: च
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक अव्यय

• परिहारम्: remission, exemption
• Type: Noun
• Root: परिहार
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन (accusative singular)

• आयति-क्षमम्: sustainable for the future; capable of being borne later
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आयति + क्षम
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया एकवचन; समास: आयतौ (भविष्ये) क्षमम् = ‘future-viable/able to endure in future’ (qualifies परिहारम्)

• दद्यात्: should give/grant
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा
• Form: विधिलिङ् (optative); परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन; धातु: दा (दाने)

Entities Mentioned

• nāvika (boatmen)
• sārthavāha (caravan leaders)
• state (granting authority)

More Details

FAQs

Why would the state give exemptions to boatmen and caravan leaders?

To lower transport friction, stabilize supply routes, and expand taxable commerce over time—provided the remission does not undermine future revenue.

What is the administrative constraint implied by āyatikṣama?

Exemptions must be fiscally sustainable and not create a permanent revenue drain or unmanageable precedent.