Agni Purana — Kosha, Shloka 11
Adhyāya 361 — अव्ययवर्गः
Avyaya-vargaḥ) — The Section on Indeclinables (Colophon/Closure
तृष्णा स्पृहापिपासे द्वे विपणिः स्याद्वणिक्पथे विषाभिमरलोहेषु तीक्ष्णं क्लीवे खरे त्रिषु
tṛṣṇā spṛhāpipāse dve vipaṇiḥ syādvaṇikpathe viṣābhimaraloheṣu tīkṣṇaṃ klīve khare triṣu
“Tṛṣṇā” dan “spṛhā” ialah dua kata yang digunakan bagi “dahaga/haus” (pipāsā). “Vipaṇi” merujuk kepada jalan atau pasar para pedagang. “Tīkṣṇa”, dalam bentuk neuter, digunakan bagi racun, besi, dan agen yang mematikan; manakala dalam bentuk maskulin ia merujuk kepada keldai.
Lord Agni (narrating a lexical/grammatical nighaṇṭu section to Sage Vasiṣṭha)
Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Alamkara","secondary_vidya":"Arthashastra","practical_application":"Clarifies synonyms for thirst and commercial terminology (market/merchant path), and domain-specific senses of tīkṣṇa—useful for interpreting medical, economic, and descriptive passages.","sutra_style":true}
Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"List","entry_title":"Synonyms and polysemy: tṛṣṇā/spṛhā; vipaṇi; tīkṣṇa","lookup_keywords":["tṛṣṇā","spṛhā","vipaṇi (market)","tīkṣṇa (poison/iron)","khara (donkey)"],"quick_summary":"States tṛṣṇā and spṛhā as words for thirst; vipaṇi as merchants’ market/path; and tīkṣṇa as ‘poison/iron/killing agent’ (neuter) and ‘donkey’ (masculine), guiding correct grammatical and contextual reading."}
Alamkara Type: Shlesha
Concept: Meaning depends on usage-domain and grammatical markers (liṅga, prakaraṇa).
Application: In commentary and translation, use gender/case and topic (medicine, trade, description) to select the correct sense of tīkṣṇa and spṛhā.
Khanda Section: Sahitya-shastra / Vyakarana-Kosha (Lexicography and Synonyms in Agni Purana)
Primary Rasa: Adbhuta
Secondary Rasa: Shanta
Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"A scholar lists words on a manuscript: tṛṣṇā, spṛhā, vipaṇi, tīkṣṇa; beside it a thirsty traveler reaching for water, a bustling marketplace street of merchants, and objects labeled poison vial and iron blade; a donkey stands to show the masculine sense of tīkṣṇa.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural: stylized bazaar lane (vipaṇi) with merchants, a parched traveler (tṛṣṇā), a small poison pot and iron implement for tīkṣṇa (neuter), and a donkey for tīkṣṇa (masc.); bold outlines, flat colors.","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore: gold-ornamented marketplace scene with merchants and goods; central thirsty figure with water pot; gilded poison container and iron weapon; donkey rendered with decorative detailing; manuscript motif in corner.","mysore_prompt":"Mysore: didactic composition with labeled icons—thirsty person, market street, poison, iron, donkey—arranged around a clean calligraphic panel of the words; soft shading.","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature: detailed bazaar with merchants on a street, a traveler asking for water, a small apothecary jar marked poison, an iron blade on a tray, and a donkey tethered; fine textile patterns."}
Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"instructional","suggested_raga":"Bhairavi","pace":"medium","voice_tone":"instructional"}
Sandhi Resolution Notes: स्याद्वणिक्पथे → स्यात् वणिक्पथे.
Related Themes: Agni Purana Sahitya-śāstra kośa sections on paryāya and nānārtha; Agni Purana Ayurveda passages where tṛṣṇā/pipāsā appears as symptom
FAQs
This verse imparts kośa/nighaṇṭu-vidyā: precise synonymy and grammatical usage—how words like tṛṣṇā/spṛhā function for ‘thirst,’ and how tīkṣṇa changes meaning by gender/context (poison/iron/deadly agent vs. donkey).
By cataloging word-senses and gender-based meanings, the Agni Purana preserves practical linguistic knowledge used in interpretation, poetry, and technical treatises—showing it is not only devotional but also a reference work on Sanskrit semantics.
Its significance is indirect: correct understanding of sacred and technical language supports accurate recitation, interpretation, and teaching of dharma-texts, reducing interpretive error (viparyaya) and supporting right knowledge (samyag-jñāna).