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Shiva Purana — Rudra Samhita, Shloka 27

बाणस्य शोकः शिवस्मरणं च — Bāṇa’s Grief and the Turn to Śiva-Remembrance

ब्राह्मणं ते मुखं प्राहुर्बाहुं क्षत्रियमेव च । ऊरुजं वैश्यमाहुस्ते पादजं शूद्रमेव च

brāhmaṇaṃ te mukhaṃ prāhurbāhuṃ kṣatriyameva ca | ūrujaṃ vaiśyamāhuste pādajaṃ śūdrameva ca

ते म्हणतात—तुझे मुख ब्राह्मण, तुझे बाहू क्षत्रिय; तुझे ऊरू वैश्य आणि तुझे चरण शूद्र असेच आहेत।

brāhmaṇamBrāhmaṇa (priestly class)
brāhmaṇam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootbrāhmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
teyour
te:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
TypeNoun
Roottvad (प्रातिपदिक सर्वनाम)
Formसर्वनाम (pronoun), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (Singular)
mukhammouth/face
mukham:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/Locus)
TypeNoun
Rootmukha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular); here as the locus/source being identified
prāhuḥthey have said/call
prāhuḥ:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootpra-√ah (अह् धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (Plural)
bāhumarm
bāhum:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootbāhu (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
kṣatriyamKṣatriya (warrior class)
kṣatriyam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootkṣatriya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
evaindeed
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-अव्यय (emphasis)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)
ūrujamthigh-born
ūrujam:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootūruja (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); ūru-ja = ‘born from the thigh’ (used adjectivally)
vaiśyamVaiśya (merchant class)
vaiśyam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootvaiśya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
āhuḥthey have said/call
āhuḥ:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Root√ah (अह् धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (Plural)
teyour
te:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Possessor)
TypeNoun
Roottvad (प्रातिपदिक सर्वनाम)
Formसर्वनाम (pronoun), षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (Singular)
pādajamfoot-born
pādajam:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootpādaja (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular); pāda-ja = ‘born from the foot’ (used adjectivally)
śūdramŚūdra (servant class)
śūdram:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootśūdra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन (Singular)
evaindeed
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Discourse particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-अव्यय (emphasis)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)

Unspecified in the isolated citation (the verse reports a traditional saying: 'they declare...')

Tattva Level: pati

Shiva Form: Sadyojāta

FAQs

The verse closely echoes the well-known Vedic motif (especially the Puruṣa-sūkta) that maps social orders onto a cosmic body—mouth, arms, thighs, and feet—thereby presenting society as an integrated organism. In Purāṇic contexts, this imagery is often used philosophically to emphasize functional interdependence and a shared sacred source, even while reflecting historical social classifications.