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Shiva Purana — Rudra Samhita, Shloka 20

Devanagari script

द्विजर्षिराजर्षिसुरर्षिसंघा नृपास्समित्राः सचिवास्स सैन्याः । वसुप्रमुख्या गणदेवताश्च सर्वे वृतास्तेन मखोपवेत्त्राः

Transliteration

dvijarṣirājarṣisurarṣisaṃghā nṛpāssamitrāḥ sacivāssa sainyāḥ | vasupramukhyā gaṇadevatāśca sarve vṛtāstena makhopavettrāḥ

Translation

द्विजऋषी, राजर्षी व देवर्षींचे संघ; मित्र, सचिव व सैन्यासह नृप; आणि वसुप्रमुख गणदेवता—हे सर्व यज्ञाचे मान्य अतिथी म्हणून त्याने आमंत्रित केले।

Word by Word
द्विजर्षि-राजर्षि-सुरर्षि-संघाःassemblies/groups of brahmin-sages, royal sages, and divine sages
द्विजर्षि-राजर्षि-सुरर्षि-संघाः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विजर्षि + राजर्षि + सुरर्षि + संघ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; समाहार-द्वन्द्व/इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व (collective/coproductive)
नृपाःkings
नृपाः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootनृप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
स-मित्राःwith (their) friends
स-मित्राः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; अव्ययीभाव: स- (सह/with) + मित्राः
सचिवाःministers/counsellors
सचिवाः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootसचिव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
सtogether with
स:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/association marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootस (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; उपसर्ग/सह-अर्थक अव्यय (with)
सैन्याःarmies/troops
सैन्याः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootसैन्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
वसु-प्रमुख्याःheaded by the Vasus
वसु-प्रमुख्याः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootवसु + प्रमुख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष (genitive determinative): वसूनां प्रमुख्याः = headed by the Vasus
गण-देवताःthe deities of the groups (attendant deities)
गण-देवताः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootगण + देवता (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: गणानां देवताः
चand
च:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक-निपात (conjunction)
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
वृताःwere invited/selected
वृताः:
Kriya (क्रिया/Predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootवृ (धातु) → वृत (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोगार्थक (passive sense)
तेनby him
तेन:
Karana (करण/Instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन
मख-उपवेत्त्राःknowers/overseers of the sacrifice
मख-उपवेत्त्राः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootमख + उपवेत्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: मखस्य उपवेत्तारः (those who know/oversee the sacrifice)
Speaker

Suta Goswami

Shaiva Theology

Tattva Level: pasha

Ritual Elements

Offering: naivedya

Characters & Entities
D
Daksha
V
Vasus
R
Rishis

FAQs

It highlights the outward grandeur of ritual—bringing together rishis, kings, and devas—while the Sati-Khaṇḍa narrative warns that sacrifice without humility and devotion to Pati (Shiva) becomes hollow and a cause of downfall.

By showing Daksha’s emphasis on ceremonial yajña and social prestige, the text implicitly contrasts it with true Shaiva worship—reverence to Saguna Shiva (and the Linga as His sacred presence) rooted in bhakti rather than mere ritual display.

The practical takeaway is to sanctify all rituals with Shiva-bhakti—mentally offer the act to Shiva, remember the Panchakshara (Om Namaḥ Śivāya), and keep inner purity, so karma becomes a means toward grace rather than ego.

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