Shloka 45

The Glory of Bhārata-varṣa: Enumerating Mountains, Rivers, and Regions

Devanagari script

बहिर्गिर्य्योंगमलदा मगधा मालवार्घटाः । सत्त्वतराः प्रावृषेयाः भार्गवाश्च द्विजर्षभाः

Transliteration

bahirgiryyoṃgamaladā magadhā mālavārghaṭāḥ | sattvatarāḥ prāvṛṣeyāḥ bhārgavāśca dvijarṣabhāḥ

Translation

हे द्विजश्रेष्ठा! बहिर्गिर्य, ओंगमलद, मगध, मालव व अर्घट; तसेच सत्त्वतर, प्रावृषेय आणि भार्गव—हे (जनपद) आहेत.

Word by Word

• बहिर्गिर्यः: the Bahirgiryas (outside-the-mountains people)
• बहिर्गिर्यः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: बहिर्गिरि (प्रातिपदिक; बहिः + गिरि)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); अव्ययीभाव: 'outside the mountains' → gentilic

• ओङ्गमलदाः: the Oṅgamaladas
• ओङ्गमलदाः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ओङ्गमलद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); जनपद/जातिनाम (proper ethnonym; rare)

• मगधाः: the Magadhas
• मगधाः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मगध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); जनपद/जातिनाम

• मालवार्घटाः: the Mālavas and Arghaṭas
• मालवार्घटाः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मालवार्घट (प्रातिपदिक; मालव + अर्घट)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); द्वन्द्व-समास (copulative): 'Mālava and Arghaṭa' peoples

• सत्त्वतराः: more endowed with sattva / more virtuous
• सत्त्वतराः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सत्त्वतर (प्रातिपदिक; सत्त्व + तर (तुलनाप्रत्यय))
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); तुलनात्मक-विशेषण (comparative adjective)

• प्रावृषेयाः: the Prāvṛṣeyas (connected with the rainy season/Prāvṛṣ)
• प्रावृषेयाः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रावृषेय (प्रातिपदिक; प्रावृष् + एय (तद्धित))
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); तद्धितान्त (derivative) used as gentilic/descriptor

• भार्गवाः: the Bhārgavas
• भार्गवाः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भार्गव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); गोत्र/वंशनाम (descendants of Bhṛgu)

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Samuccaya/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction): 'and'

• द्विजर्षभाः: bulls among the twice-born (excellent Brahmins)
• द्विजर्षभाः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विजर्षभ (प्रातिपदिक; द्विज + ऋषभ)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन (Plural); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: 'bulls among the twice-born' (honorific epithet)

Speaker

Unspecified (narratorial voice within Svarga-khaṇḍa dialogue context)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: city

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: बहिर्गिर्य्योंगमलदा → बहिर्गिर्यः + ओङ्गमलदाः (visarga + vowel; orthography shows gemination). भार्गवाश्च → भार्गवाः + च.

Characters & Entities

• Bhārgava
• Bhṛgu

FAQs

What is the main subject of this verse?

It enumerates groups—peoples or regions (janapadas/tribes)—including Magadha and Mālava, and also mentions the Bhārgavas, in a catalogue-style passage typical of Purāṇic geography.

Does this verse teach a theological doctrine or a devotional practice?

Not directly. Its primary function is descriptive—recording names of communities/regions—rather than expounding bhakti, ethics, or metaphysics.

Who are the Bhārgavas mentioned here?

Bhārgavas generally refers to the lineage associated with the sage Bhṛgu (a prominent ṛṣi family in Purāṇic and epic literature). In such lists, it can denote a community identified with that lineage.