Shloka 2

Adhyaya 49Cosmic Dissolution

यथा च वर्णानसृजद्यद् गुणाश्च महामते ।

यच्च येषां स्मृतं कर्म विप्रादीनां वदस्व तत् ॥

yathā ca varṇān asṛjad yad guṇāś ca mahāmate / yac ca yeṣāṃ smṛtaṃ karma viprādīnāṃ vadasva tat

हे महामते, त्यांनी वर्णांची निर्मिती कशी केली आणि त्यांचे अनुरूप कोणते गुण आहेत ते सांगावे; तसेच ब्राह्मणांपासून आरंभ करून त्यांच्या शास्त्रविहित कर्मधर्मांचे वर्णन करावे।

yathāas, how
yathā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyathā (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, सम्बन्ध/उपमानार्थक (correlative adverb: 'as/how')
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)
varṇānclasses/varṇas
varṇān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvarṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), बहुवचन
asṛjatcreated
asṛjat:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√sṛj (धातु)
Formलङ्-लकार (Imperfect/past), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
yatwhich/that
yat:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक (relative pronoun)
guṇāḥqualities
guṇāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootguṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), बहुवचन
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)
mahāmateO great-minded one
mahāmate:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootmahā-mati (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन; कर्मधारय: महा + मति
yatwhich/that
yat:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom/Acc), एकवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय, समुच्चयबोधक (conjunction)
yeṣāmof whom/whose
yeṣām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसक, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन; सम्बन्धसूचक
smṛtamis stated/remembered
smṛtam:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√smṛ (धातु) + ta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
Formकृतान्त (past passive participle), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; 'remembered/declared'
karmaduty, function
karma:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkarman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Nom/Acc), एकवचन
viprādīnāmof the Brahmins and others
viprādīnām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootvipra-ādi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (Genitive/6th), बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष (समाहार/सूचक): vipra + ādi ('beginning with Brahmins')
vadasvatell (me)
vadasva:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vad (धातु)
Formलोट्-लकार (Imperative), आत्मनेपद, मध्यमपुरुष, एकवचन
tatthat
tat:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative/2nd), एकवचन
Krauṣṭuki addressing Mārkaṇḍeya

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "jijnasa", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Brahmā
VarṇaGuṇa theoryDharma (duties)Cosmology-to-society linkage

FAQs

The text treats social duty as grounded in cosmology and qualities (guṇas). Ethically, it frames conduct (karma) as responsibility aligned with one’s nature and tradition, not mere personal preference.

Sarga with dharmic application: creation is extended to societal structure (varṇa) and normative duties, a common Purāṇic move from ontology to ethics.

Varṇa and guṇa can be read as inner psychophysical typologies: the ‘creation’ of varṇas mirrors the differentiation of dispositions within embodied consciousness, mapping ethics onto psychology.