Shloka 19

Adhyaya 21 — Kuvalayashva’s Descent to Patala and the Rescue of Madalasa

Sanskrit

तां दृष्ट्वा चारुसर्वाङ्गीमनङ्गाङ्गलतामिव ।

सोऽमन्यत् पार्थिवसुतस्तां रसातलदेवताम् ॥

Transliteration

tāṃ dṛṣṭvā cārusarvāṅgīm anaṅgāṅgalatām iva / so 'manyat pārthivasutas tāṃ rasātaladevatām

Translation

ती सर्वांगसुंदरी पाहून—जणू अनंगाच्या देहाचीच वेल—राजपुत्राने तिला रसातळातील देवी मानले।

Word by Word

• tām: her
• tām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम (pronoun)

• dṛṣṭvā: having seen
• dṛṣṭvā: Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: dṛś (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (gerund/absolutive); 'having seen'

• cāru-sarvāṅgīm: beautiful in every limb
• cāru-sarvāṅgīm: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: cāru + sarva + aṅgī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण; 'beautiful in all limbs'

• anaṅga-aṅga-latām: a creeper-like form of Cupid
• anaṅga-aṅga-latām: Upamāna (उपमान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: anaṅga + aṅga + latā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; उपमान (object of comparison); 'a creeper of Cupid’s body/limbs' (poetic)

• iva: like
• iva: Upamā (उपमा-सूचक)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iva (अव्यय)
• Form: उपमावाचक-अव्यय (comparative particle)

• saḥ: he
• saḥ: Kartā (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (nominative/1st), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• amanyat: thought/considered
• amanyat: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: man (धातु)
• Form: लङ्-लकार (Imperfect/Past), परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• pārthiva-sutaḥ: the king’s son
• pārthiva-sutaḥ: Kartā (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pārthiva + suta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; 'king’s son'

• tām: her
• tām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• rasātala-devatām: a deity of Rasātala
• rasātala-devatām: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rasātala + devatā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; 'a deity of Rasātala (netherworld)'

Speakers

• Narrative

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shringara", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Kāma (Anaṅga, allusion)

Key Themes

• Attribution of divinity
• Netherworld cosmography (Rasātala)
• Erotic imagery

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The prince’s mind elevates beauty into ‘divinity,’ showing how attraction can generate misrecognition (viparyaya)—confusing the extraordinary with the truly sacred.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Touches cosmological geography by naming Rasātala, but remains chiefly narrative (Itivṛtta). It is not a systematic exposition of lokas, sarga, or manvantaras.

What is the esoteric significance?

Rasātala can symbolize subconscious depths. Calling her a rasātala-devatā may indicate that desire arises from hidden strata of the psyche and appears ‘numinous’ when it surfaces.