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Shloka 31

Virāṭa-parva Adhyāya 54 — Missile-Exchange and Tactical Redirection

Arjuna, Aśvatthāman, Karṇa

अथाशुकारी चतुरो हयांश्न विव्याध कर्णो निशितै: किरीटिन: । त्रिभिश्व यन्तारममृष्यमाणो विव्याध तूर्ण त्रिभिरस्य केतुम्‌,कर्णको अर्जुनका पराक्रम असहा हो उठा। उसने अपनी आशुकारिता (शीघ्र बाण छोड़नेकी कला) का परिचय देते हुए तीखे बाणोंसे अर्जुनके चारों घोड़ोंको बींध डाला; फिर तीन बाणोंसे उनके सारथिको घायल किया और तुरंत ही तीन बाण मारकर ध्वजको भी छेद डाला

vaiśampāyana uvāca |

athāśukārī caturo hayān sa vivyādha karṇo niśitaiḥ kirīṭinaḥ |

tribhiś ca yantāram amṛṣyamāṇo vivyādha tūrṇaṃ tribhir asya ketum ||

वैशंपायन म्हणाले—मग वेगवान बाणसोडण्यात कुशल कर्णाने किरीटधारी अर्जुनाच्या चारही घोड्यांना तीक्ष्ण बाणांनी भेदले. असह्य होऊन त्याने तीन बाणांनी सारथ्याला जखमी केले आणि तत्क्षणी आणखी तीन बाणांनी ध्वजालाही छेदले.

अथthen
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
आशु-कारीswift-acting (quick in shooting)
आशु-कारी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootआशुकारिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चतुरःfour
चतुरः:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
हयान्horses
हयान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
विव्याधpierced
विव्याध:
TypeVerb
Rootव्यध्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
कर्णःKarna
कर्णः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकर्ण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
निशितैःwith sharp (arrows)
निशितैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootनिशित
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
किरीटिनःof the diadem-wearer (Arjuna)
किरीटिनः:
TypeNoun
Rootकिरीटिन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
त्रिभिःwith three
त्रिभिः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
यन्तारम्charioteer
यन्तारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयन्तृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अमृष्यमाणःunable to endure (not tolerating)
अमृष्यमाणः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमृष्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, शानच् (present participle, middle sense)
विव्याधpierced
विव्याध:
TypeVerb
Rootव्यध्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
तूर्णम्quickly
तूर्णम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतूर्ण
त्रिभिःwith three
त्रिभिः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
अस्यof him / his
अस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
केतुम्banner, standard
केतुम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकेतु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
K
Karna
A
Arjuna (Kirīṭin)
A
Arjuna’s horses
A
Arjuna’s charioteer (yantā)
A
Arjuna’s banner/standard (ketu)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights a battlefield ethic where skill and resolve are tested through strategic targeting of a warrior’s supports (horses, charioteer, banner). It also reflects how intolerance of challenge (amṛṣyamāṇaḥ) can drive escalation, reminding readers that prowess without restraint intensifies conflict.

Vaiśampāyana narrates Karṇa’s rapid archery: he wounds Arjuna’s four horses, then strikes the charioteer with three arrows, and immediately pierces Arjuna’s banner with three more—an aggressive tactical sequence meant to destabilize Arjuna’s chariot and assert dominance.