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Shloka 87

Daṇḍanīti and the King as the Cause of Yuga-Order (दण्डनीतिः राजधर्मश्च युगकारणत्वम्)

दण्डनीत्यां यदा राजा त्रीनंशाननुवर्तते । चतुर्थमंशमुत्सूज्य तदा त्रेता प्रवर्तते,जब राजा दण्डनीतिके एक चौथाई अंशको छोड़कर केवल तीन अंशोंका अनुसरण करता है, तब त्रेतायुग प्रारम्भ हो जाता है। उस समय अशुभका चौथा अंश पुण्यके तीन अंशोंके पीछे लगा रहता है। उस अवस्थामें पृथ्वीपर जोतने-बोनेसे ही अन्न पैदा होता है। ओषधियाँ भी उसी तरह पैदा होती हैं

daṇḍanītyāṁ yadā rājā trīn aṁśān anuvartate | caturtham aṁśam utsṛjya tadā tretā pravartate ||

भीष्म म्हणाले—जेव्हा राजा दण्डनीतीत चौथा अंश सोडून केवळ तीन अंशांचेच अनुसरण करतो, तेव्हा त्रेतायुग प्रवर्तते.

दण्डनीत्याम्in the policy of punishment/governance
दण्डनीत्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootदण्डनीति
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
यदाwhen
यदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदा
राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्रीन्three
त्रीन्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अंशान्parts/portions
अंशान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअंश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
अनुवर्ततेfollows, conforms to
अनुवर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootअनु√वृत्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
चतुर्थम्the fourth
चतुर्थम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अंशम्part/portion
अंशम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअंश
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उत्सृज्यhaving abandoned/left out
उत्सृज्य:
TypeVerb
Rootउत्√सृज्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada/Atmanepada-neutral
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
त्रेताthe Tretā (age)
त्रेता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootत्रेता
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
प्रवर्ततेbegins, comes into operation
प्रवर्तते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र√वृत्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
R
rājā (the king)
D
daṇḍanīti
T
Tretā (Tretā-yuga)

Educational Q&A

Bhīṣma links the moral quality of governance (daṇḍanīti) with cosmic-social conditions: when a ruler’s administration embodies only three parts of righteousness and relinquishes the fourth, society shifts from the ideal Kṛta age toward Tretā, where a measurable portion of inauspiciousness accompanies merit.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on royal duty and social order, Bhīṣma explains to the listener how different yugas manifest. Here he describes the onset of Tretā-yuga in terms of the king’s practice of daṇḍanīti and the resulting mixed presence of merit and inauspiciousness, along with ordinary agricultural production.