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Shloka 12

आत्मदर्शन-उपदेशः (Ātma-darśana Upadeśa) — Mind, Senses, and the All-pervading Self

काष्ठा निमेषा दश पञ्च चैव त्रिंशत्तु काष्ठा गणयेत्‌ कलां ताम्‌ | त्रिंशत्कलक्षापि भवेन्मुहूर्तो भाग: कलाया दशमश्न यः स्यात्‌

kāṣṭhā nimeṣā daśa pañca caiva triṁśattu kāṣṭhā gaṇayet kalāṁ tām | triṁśatkalā kṣāpi bhaven muhūrto bhāgaḥ kalāyā daśamaśna yaḥ syāt |

व्यासांनी काळाची पारंपरिक गणना सांगितली—पंधरा निमेषांनी एक काष्ठा होते आणि तीस काष्ठा मिळून एक कला मानली जाते. तीस कलांचा एक मुहूर्त होतो; आणि त्यात कलाचा दहावा भागही धरला जातो—म्हणून एक मुहूर्त म्हणजे तीस कला आणि तीन काष्ठा असे समजावे.

काष्ठाःkāṣṭhās (time-units)
काष्ठाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाष्ठा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
निमेषाःblinks (time-units)
निमेषाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिमेष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
दशten
दश:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootदश
पञ्चfive
पञ्च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपञ्च
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
त्रिंशत्thirty
त्रिंशत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootत्रिंशत्
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
काष्ठाःkāṣṭhās (as the counted units)
काष्ठाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकाष्ठा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
गणयेत्should count/compute
गणयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootगण्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
कलाम्a kalā (time-unit)
कलाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकला
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
ताम्that (kalā)
ताम्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
त्रिंशत्thirty
त्रिंशत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootत्रिंशत्
कलाःkalās
कलाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकला
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
भवेत्would be/is to be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
मुहूर्तःa muhūrta
मुहूर्तः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमुहूर्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
भागःa part
भागः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभाग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कलायाःof a kalā
कलायाः:
TypeNoun
Rootकला
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
दशमःtenth
दशमः:
TypeAdjective
Rootदशम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अंशःportion/share
अंशः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअंश
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
यःwhich/that
यः:
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्यात्would be
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
K
kāṣṭhā
N
nimeṣa
K
kalā
M
muhūrta

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches a precise traditional hierarchy of time-units—nimeṣa, kāṣṭhā, kalā, and muhūrta—emphasizing disciplined, accurate reckoning that supports orderly conduct and correct timing in dharmic life.

In the instructional setting of the Śānti Parva, Vyāsa is explaining a technical but ethically relevant topic: how time is conventionally measured, providing definitions and conversions among the units.