Mahabharata — Shalya Parva, Shloka 23

अध्याय ३: कृपस्य दुर्योधनं प्रति नीत्युपदेशः

Kṛpa’s Counsel to Duryodhana

Devanagari script

अक्कुद्धयत रणे भीमस्तैर्म॑थे प्रत्यवस्थितै:

Transliteration

akrudhyata raṇe bhīmas tair mathe pratyavasthitaiḥ

Translation

संजय म्हणाला—रणांगणात भीम क्रोधाला आवर घालीत होता; घट्ट मांडणीत उभ्या असलेल्या त्या योद्ध्यांसमोर तो धैर्याने ठाम उभा राहिला—संयमाने नियंत्रित पराक्रम दाखवीत।

Word by Word

• अक्रुद्ध्यत्: became angry / was enraged
• Type: Verb
• Root: क्रुध्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• रणे: in battle
• रणे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: रण
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• भीमः: Bhima
• भीमः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: भीम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• तैः: by/with those
• तैः: Karana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

• मथे: in the melee / in the churning (of battle)
• मथे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: मथ
• Form: Masculine, Locative, Singular

• प्रत्यवस्थितैः: standing firm/opposed, arrayed against (him)
• प्रत्यवस्थितैः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: प्रत्यवस्थित
• Form: Masculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Bhīma
• battlefield (raṇa)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Even in war, strength is meant to be governed by restraint. Bhīma’s steadiness suggests that righteous action is not mere rage but disciplined courage aligned with duty.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that Bhīma, confronted by opponents positioned directly before him in the dense press of battle, remains composed and does not succumb to anger as the fighting intensifies.