Shloka 83

Śalya-hatānantarāṇi: Madrarāja-padānugānāṃ praskandana and the Pandava counter-encirclement (शल्यहतानन्तराणि—मद्रराजपदानुगानां प्रस्कन्दनम्)

Devanagari script

पाण्डवान्‌ सरथान्‌ दृष्टवा धृष्टद्ुम्नं च पार्षतम्‌

Transliteration

pāṇḍavān sarathān dṛṣṭvā dhṛṣṭadyumnaṃ ca pārṣatam

Translation

संजय म्हणाला—रथांसह पांडवांना आणि पार्षत (द्रुपदपुत्र) धृष्टद्युम्नाला पाहताच युद्धाचा तात्काळ धर्मसंकटाचा भार उभा राहिला. विरोधी नायकांची ओळख व रणतत्परता स्पष्ट झाली—जिथे कर्तव्य आणि नीती अनिवार्य हिंसेच्या मध्यात भिडतात.

Word by Word

• पाण्डवान्: the Pandavas
• पाण्डवान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पाण्डव
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• सरथान्: with chariots (chariot-borne)
• सरथान्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: सरथ
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Plural

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral), Non-finite

• धृष्टद्युम्नम्: Dhrishtadyumna
• धृष्टद्युम्नम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: धृष्टद्युम्न
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• पार्षतम्: the son of Prishata (Dhrishtadyumna) / Prishata's descendant
• पार्षतम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्षत
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• संजय (Sañjaya)
• पाण्डव (Pāṇḍavas)
• धृष्टद्युम्न (Dhṛṣṭadyumna)
• पार्षत/द्रुपद (Pārṣata/Drupada)
• रथ (chariot)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse underscores the ethical weight of recognition in war: seeing the opposing side’s principal warriors (the Pāṇḍavas and their commander Dhṛṣṭadyumna) forces a confrontation with kṣatriya-dharma—duty, resolve, and accountability for violence undertaken in the name of justice and allegiance.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports a battlefield moment: the Pāṇḍava warriors are seen in their chariots, along with Dhṛṣṭadyumna (Drupada’s son), indicating their organized readiness and leadership presence as the conflict in the Śalya Parva intensifies.