Shloka 39
Adhyāya 14: Śalya’s Missile-Pressure and the Pāṇḍava Convergence (शल्यस्य शरवर्षम्)
Devanagari script
सुरथं तं ततः क्रुद्धमापतन्तं महारथम्
Transliteration
surathaṃ taṃ tataḥ kruddham āpatantaṃ mahāratham
Translation
त्यानंतर क्रुद्ध होऊन धावून येणाऱ्या त्या महारथी सुरथाला (लक्ष्य करून).
Word by Word
सु-रथम्the good chariot / well-equipped chariot
सु-रथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तम्him / that (one)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ततःthen / thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (अव्यय)
क्रुद्धम्angry
क्रुद्धम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootक्रुध् (धातु) → क्रुद्ध (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आपतन्तम्rushing/charging (towards)
आपतन्तम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootपत् (धातु) + आ- (उपसर्ग) → आपतत् (वर्तमान-कृदन्त) → आपतन्त् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
महा-रथम्the great chariot-warrior
महा-रथम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Characters & Entities
स
संजय (Sañjaya)म
महāratha (great chariot-warrior)S
suratha (battle-chariot)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse highlights how anger (krodha) drives escalation in war: an elite warrior, seized by wrath, rushes into attack. Ethically, it points to the peril of letting rage govern action, even within a kṣatriya context where courage and duty are expected.
Sañjaya reports that a great chariot-warrior, mounted on a fine battle-chariot, becomes enraged and charges forward to engage—signaling an imminent close encounter or renewed assault in the ongoing Kurukṣetra battle.